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chapter 15
things to know for test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ecology | The study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment. |
| habitat | an organism's environment or home. |
| biosphere | The relatively thin layer of earth's surface in which life exists. |
| climax vegetation | The species of plants that dominate the region, and by the animals that dwell there. |
| biodiversity | The number and variety of species living within an ecosystem. |
| carrying capacity | The ability of the ecosystem to support these organisms. |
| limiting factor | Any factor outside an organisms tolerance range and may threaten survival. |
| autotrophs | An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. |
| heterotrophs | An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| scavenger | An animal that feeds on carrion, dead plant material, or refuse. |
| decomposers | An organism, esp. a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material. |
| detritivores | An animal that feeds on dead organic material, esp. plant detritus. |
| trophic level | Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy. |
| food web | a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level. |
| niche | the function or occupation of a living thing. |
| symbiosis | Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both. |
| biogeochemical cycle | recycle minerals and other nutrients in the environment. |
| permafrost | A thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions. |
| pioneer species | The first organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosystem. |
| ecological succession | succession: (ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established. |
| commensalism | is a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed |
| competition | is a relationship in which 2 organisms compete for the same limited resources.EX:food, water and shelter |
| Amensalism | relationship in which one organism inhibits another |
| herbivory | relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it. |
| estuary | occurs where nutrient-rich freshwater from rivers and streams meets and mixes with the sea water |
| intertidal zone | areas located between the highest and lowest tides along the coast line |
| neritic zone | regions that extend past the intertidal zone until you reach the edge of the continental shelf |
| oceanic zone | extend from the continental shelves into the open ocean |
| Biotic Factor. | Living things. |
| Abiotic Factor | Non-living things |
| Ecosystem | The basic unit of ecology. An interrelated network of all organisms and their enviroment within a limited area. |
| Food Chain | A model used by ecologist to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem. |
| Energy Pyramid | Amodel to show the energy transferred from one trophic level to the next. |
| Biomass | The total mass of living matter per unit area. |
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mo71394
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