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Inheritance

Molecular Basis of; chapter 16 Campbell 7e Biology key terms

termdefinition
transformation change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA; horizontal gene transfer
bacteriophages; phages viruses that infect bacteria
double helix presence of two strands in DNA
semiconservative model is accepted today; says that one of strand of the parent molecule pairs with a newly synthesized strand
origins of replication where the replication of DNA begins
replication fork the end of a replication bubble, a "Y" shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating
DNA polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of DNA at the replication fork
leading strand DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction toward replication fork; requires only the DNA polymerase III
lagging strand DNA is synthesized in 5' to 3' direction away from replication fork
Ozaki fragments the lagging strand is assembled in pieces named for their discoverer
primer the initial, short nucleotide chain that initiates DNA synthesis
DNA ligase an enzyme that binds Ozaki fragments together through dehydration
primase an enzyme that can start an RNA chain from scratch
helicase an enzyme that unwinds DNA at the replication fork
topoisomerase relieves the srain that is created as DNA is unwound
single-strand binding protein bind to the DNA strands to stabilize them until they are used as templates for new DNA synthesis
mismatch repair cells use special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides
nuclease an enzyme that cuts DNA where repairs need to be made
nucleotide excision repair DNA polymerase and ligase repair the gap by this method
telomeres nucleotide sequences at the ends of DNA that protect it from eroding
telomerase an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres
Created by: allysav
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