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Human BIO Exam
Ch 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the skeletal system? (3 parts) | 1) Supports and 2) protects the other organ systems and 3) provides a structure that enables movement |
| What is the skeletal system comprised of? | Bones, ligaments and cartilage |
| What do bones consist of ? | Bones consist of living cells surrounded by extracellular deposits of calcium |
| What do the bones produce? | Red and white blood cells Platelets |
| Why are ligaments slow to heal? | They have very little blood supply. |
| What are the three types of tissue that make up the skeletal system? | bones, ligaments and cartilage |
| What is the purpose of a ligament? | To bind bone to bone |
| What is cartilage? | Specialized connective tissue consisting of primarily of fibers of collagen and elastic gel like fluid called "ground substance" |
| What is purpose of the bones? (5 parts) | 1) support, 2) protection, 3) movement 4) Blood cell formation 5) Mineral storage |
| What mineral deposits do bones hold? | Calcium and phosphate |
| What is a long bone? | A bone that is longer than it is wide |
| Define Diaphysis | The cylindrical shaft of a long bone |
| Define: Epiphysis | The enlarged knob/s at the ends of a long bone |
| What is Yellow Bone Marrow? Where is it found? | It is primarily fat that can be utilized for energy and it is found in the central cavity of a long bone |
| What is the periosteum? | the tough outer connective tissue layer on the bone which contains specialized bone forming cells |
| What is Spongy Bone? Where is it found? | Spongy bone is found in the epiphysis. It is less dense than compact bone and is made up of trabeculae that are composed of calcium minerals and living cells. In some long bones, red bone marrow can be found |
| What is red bone marrow? | Red bone marrow is filled with stem cells, and is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells and platelets |
| What is trabeculae ? | The calcium minerals and living cells that make up the framework of a compact bone |
| The material that is made up of extracellular deposits of calcium phosphate enclosing and surrounding living cells is called....? | Osteocyte (the pieces of the structure) |
| Osteocytes are arranges in rings cylindrical structures called....? | Osteons (the structure) |
| What happens to Osterocytes near the center of the osteon? | The osteocytes that are the innermost of the osteon receive nutrients by diffusion from the blood vessels that pass through a Central Canal |
| What is the purpose of a ligament? | To bind bone to bone |
| What is the purpose of a ligament? | To bind bone to bone |
| What is cartilage? | Specialized connective tissue consisting of primarily of fibers of collagen and elastic gel like fluid called "ground substance" |
| What is purpose of the bones? (5 parts) | 1) support, 2) protection, 3) movement 4) Blood cell formation 5) Mineral storage |
| What is cartilage? | Specialized connective tissue consisting of primarily of fibers of collagen and elastic gel like fluid called "ground substance" |
| What is a long bone? | A bone that is longer than it is wide |
| Define Diaphysis | The cylindrical shaft of a long bone |
| What is purpose of the bones? (5 parts) | 1) support, 2) protection, 3) movement 4) Blood cell formation 5) Mineral storage |
| Define: Epiphysis | The enlarged knob/s at the ends of a long bone |
| What mineral deposits do bones hold? | Calcium and phosphate |
| What is Yellow Bone Marrow? Where is it found? | It is primarily fat that can be utilized for energy and it is found in the central cavity of a long bone |
| What is the periosteum? | the tough outer connective tissue layer on the bone which contains specialized bone forming cells |
| What is Spongy Bone? Where is it found? | Spongy bone is found in the epiphysis. It is less dense than compact bone and is made up of trabeculae that are composed of calcium minerals and living cells. In some long bones, red bone marrow can be found |
| What is red bone marrow? | Red bone marrow is filled with stem cells, and is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells and platelets |
| What is a long bone? | A bone that is longer than it is wide |
| The material that is made up of extracellular deposits of calcium phosphate enclosing and surrounding living cells is called....? | Osteocyte (the pieces of the structure) |
| Osteocytes are arranges in rings cylindrical structures called....? | Osteons (the structure) |
| What happens to Osterocytes near the center of the osteon? | The osteocytes that are the innermost of the osteon receive nutrients by diffusion from the blood vessels that pass through a Central Canal |
| Define Diaphysis | The cylindrical shaft of a long bone |
| Define: Epiphysis | The enlarged knob/s at the ends of a long bone |
| What is Yellow Bone Marrow? Where is it found? | It is primarily fat that can be utilized for energy and it is found in the central cavity of a long bone |
| What is the periosteum? | the tough outer connective tissue layer on the bone which contains specialized bone forming cells |
| What is Spongy Bone? Where is it found? | Spongy bone is found in the epiphysis. It is less dense than compact bone and is made up of trabeculae that are composed of calcium minerals and living cells. In some long bones, red bone marrow can be found |
| What is red bone marrow? | Red bone marrow is filled with stem cells, and is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells and platelets |
| What is trabeculae ? | The calcium minerals and living cells that make up the framework of a compact bone |
| The material that is made up of extracellular deposits of calcium phosphate enclosing and surrounding living cells is called....? | Osteocyte (the pieces of the structure) |
| Osteocytes are arranges in rings cylindrical structures called....? | Osteons (the structure) |
| What happens to Osterocytes near the center of the osteon? | The osteocytes that are the innermost of the osteon receive nutrients by diffusion from the blood vessels that pass through a Central Canal |
| What is the purpose of a ligament? | To bind bone to bone |
| What is cartilage? | Specialized connective tissue consisting of primarily of fibers of collagen and elastic gel like fluid called "ground substance" |
| What is purpose of the bones? (5 parts) | 1) support, 2) protection, 3) movement 4) Blood cell formation 5) Mineral storage |
| What mineral deposits do bones hold? | Calcium and phosphate |
| What is a long bone? | A bone that is longer than it is wide |
| Define Diaphysis | The cylindrical shaft of a long bone |
| Define: Epiphysis | The enlarged knob/s at the ends of a long bone |
| What is Yellow Bone Marrow? Where is it found? | It is primarily fat that can be utilized for energy and it is found in the central cavity of a long bone |
| What is the periosteum? | the tough outer connective tissue layer on the bone which contains specialized bone forming cells |
| What is Spongy Bone? Where is it found? | Spongy bone is found in the epiphysis. It is less dense than compact bone and is made up of trabeculae that are composed of calcium minerals and living cells. In some long bones, red bone marrow can be found |
| What is red bone marrow? | Red bone marrow is filled with stem cells, and is responsible for the production of red and white blood cells and platelets |
| What is trabeculae ? | The calcium minerals and living cells that make up the framework of a compact bone |
| The material that is made up of extracellular deposits of calcium phosphate enclosing and surrounding living cells is called....? | Osteocyte (the pieces of the structure) |
| Osteocytes are arranges in rings cylindrical structures called....? | Osteons (the structure) |
| What happens to Osterocytes near the center of the osteon? | The osteocytes that are the innermost of the osteon receive nutrients by diffusion from the blood vessels that pass through a Central Canal |
| Define: Lacunae | Lacunae are the hollow chambers that trap osteocytes as bone develops and becomes hard |
| What is a Canaliculi? What is it's purpose? | It is a very thin canal which allows the osteocytes to still be directly connected to each other even though they are separated. This allows Gap junctions to form and nutrients to travel through the osteocytes. (NOT IN SPONGY BONE) |
| Why is it that osteocytes do not rely on Canaliculi to get nutrients in spongy bone? | In spongy bone the trabecular structure gives each osteocyte access to a nearby blood vessel |
| What does a ligament do? what it is made up of? | Ligaments connect bone to bone. They consist of dense fibrous connective tissue aka densely packed collagen fibers all going in one direction (grain of wood) |
| What is cartilage ? What does it do? | Cartilage contains fibers of collagen and/or elastin in a ground substance of water and other minerals. Smoother and more flexible than bone. Shocks for joints |
| What is Hyaline Cartilage? | It forms embryonic structures that later become bone. It also covers the ends of mature bones becoming a smooth low-friction surface. |
| What is Elastic Cartilage? | Elastin Cartilage contains mostly elastin fibers. It is highly flexible. |
| What is Fibrocartilage? | Consists primarily of collagen fibers in thick bundles. It withstands pressure and tension well. |
| What do you call a cartilage forming cell? | Chrondoblast |
| What stage in life do Chronoblasts exist? | In the fetal stage. They lay the foundation of the skeletal structure they die around 2-3 months into developed |
| Define: Ossification | the process in which cartilage is replaced by bone |
| Proximal Epiphysis | Closest to the point of attachment |
| Distal Epiphysis | Farthest from point of attachment |
| articular cartilage | it is in the epiphysis |
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