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Integument
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chromatophores | pigment cells, origins: neural crest ectoderm |
| dermatome | mesoderm, dermis, outer most of epimere |
| sclerotome | forms vertebrae around neural cord, inner most of epimere, mesoderm |
| myotome | forms muscles of body wall, middle of epimere, mesoderm |
| epimere | epi: above, mere: section; top section of mesoderm; sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome |
| mesomere | middle section of mesoderm, urogenital system |
| hypomere | hyo: below, mere: section, splanchnic and somatic portions of lateral plate mesoderm, form muscular structures in head area of craniates, coelom in between splanchnic and somatic portions |
| splanchnic | visceral, guts and gills region, smooth muscle around guts and heart, hypomere |
| somatic | body-rest of body, musculature that moves body, hypomere |
| periderm | outer layer of ectoderm |
| stratum germinativum | stratum: layer, germinate: grow, layer of ectoderm that generates new cells |
| basement membrane complex | overlap of epidermis and dermis |
| basal lamina | epidermis portion of basement membrane complex |
| basal lamella | dermis portion of basement membrane complex |
| stratum compactum | collagen (layered, woven); thick, fibrous network; stores elastic energy; dermis-in between basement membrane complex and hypodermis |
| hypodermis | loose connective tissue, space between skin and underlying muscle, lowest part of dermis |
| mutual induction | chemical communication between epidermis and dermis, causes skin to mature and form special structures |
| functional epithelial extinction | formation of stratum corneum, horns, hair, feathers, molting, turtle dental ridges, beaks, reptile scales, nails, claws, baleen, tadpole jaws, agnathan teeth; forms at basement membrane complex and migrates up |
| stratum corneum | very top layer of skin, filled with keratin, amniotes |
| delamination | structures that form at basement membrane complex and migrate down; forms dermal bone, connective tissue elements, and osteoderms (bones imbedded in skin, ex: armadillos, crocodiles) |
| epithelial-mesenchymal interaction | mesenchymal: loose mesodermyl tissue; aggregation of mesenchymal cells to form a papilla --> thickening --> specializations; forms teeth, dermal denticles (scales on sharks), fish scales, ceratotrichia/lepidotrichia (rays that support fins in chond/ostei) |
| granular glands a.k.a. club cells | release alarm substance or poison, fish skin |
| Schrechstoef | Schrech: fear, stoff: material, warms other fish of predators, alarm substance secreted from granular glands a.k.a. club cells |
| pterygopodial glands | pterygo: fin, pod: foot, claspers: shark penus --> lubricates, internal fertilization |
| traumagenic organs | spine of fish --> breaks off --> release poison |
| ichthyocrinotoxic | fish release into water directly so sharks cannot close their jaws to bite them |
| photophores | light generating glands, formed by bacteria or chemical reactions, feeding and species recognition |
| mental glands | on chin of amphibian males --> inject hormones into females |
| sebaceous glands | lubricates and waterproofs hair follicles, genitals, ears in mammals |
| neomorphic | new, evolutionary structure (ex: mammary glands) |
| nuptual pads | rough surface of hands of amphibians, males grabs female and they both release gametes into water, keratinized derivative |
| ecdysis | shedding, functional epithelial extinction, 2 layers of epidermis |
| Oberhautchen layer | outermost part of stratum corneum in amphibians, may be formed into microstructures --> geckos can climb upside down |
| alpha keratin | flexible, hair, hinge range of lepidosaurs |
| beta keratin | stiff, feathers, outside of hinges of lepidosaurs |
| setae | long structures with spatula-like tips --> geckos and anoles hang onto walls |
| scutes | big scales on the turtle shell, functional epithelial extincting (bones underneath: delamination) |
| vanes | one half of feather (made up of barbs) |
| rachis | middle part of a feather |
| barbs | middle part of each part of the vane |
| barbules | small parts that make up each barb, interlock to trap air --> insulation and floatation |
| contour feathers | flight and shape, tall and thin |
| down feathers | insulation, short and wide |
| pterylae | feather tracks, dimples of where feathers were |
| aposematic feathers | brightly colored |
| guard hairs | mammalia, coarse and protective |
| underhairs | mammalia, insulation |
| osteoderms | scales in crocodiles, lizards, and sloths; delamination product |
| cycloid scales | round; halecomorphs, some teleosts, and dipnoans |
| ctenoid scales | u-shaped, some teleosts |
| melanosome | concentrated: pale, dispersed: dark; organelle in cells that contains pigment granuals |
| melanophores | brown and black chromatophores |
| xanthophore | yellow chromatophore |
| erythrophore | orange and red chromatophore |
| iridophore | reflective, non-pigmented chromatophore |
Created by:
emarti16
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