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Radbio Review
radbio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stores energy in body for long period of time | lipids |
| Equilibrium or maintaining normal functions | Homeostasis |
| Phase of cell division where mitotic spindle is completed | Metaphase |
| Phase of mitosis where 2 chromosomes repel each other | Anaphase |
| Period following prodromal state of acute radiation | Latent |
| Small rod shaped bodies containing genes | Chromosomes |
| Cells that lack adequate amounts of oxygen | Hypoxic |
| White blood cells | Leukocytes |
| Genetic cell division reducing chromosomes | Meiosis |
| Reproducing cells | Germ Cells |
| Cell growth that occurs prior to cell division | Interphase |
| Red blood cells | Erythrocytes |
| Leukocyte which fights bacteria | Granulocyte |
| Protoplasm which exists outside cell nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| Basic units of heredity | Genes |
| Agents that increase the frequency of occurance of mutation | Mutagens |
| Initiates blood clotting and prevents hemorrhages | Thrombocytes |
| Large, complex macromolecules made of nucleotidesis | Nucleic Acids |
| Cell division where a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells | Mitosis |
| Immature or precursor cells | Stem Cells |
| Type of leukocyte which helps fight infection | Neutrophil |
| Female germ cell | Oogonium |
| Functioning as the powerhouse of the cell | Mitochonadria |
| Chemical compound from acid and base reaction | Electrolytes |
| Building material of all living cells | Protoplasm |
| Circular or oval discs found in blood | Platelets |
| First stage of acute radiation sickness | Prodrome |
| Male germ cell | Spermotogonium |
| Phase of mitosis where second new daughter cells are formed | Telophase |
| Acronym for as low as reasonably achievable | ALARA |
| Radiation produced as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing and chemical explosions in nuclear power plants | Fallout |
| Traditional unit of measure for the EqD | rem |
| Method for comparing the amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure with natural background radiation received over a given period | BERT |
| Quantity that attempts to take into account the variation in biologic harm that is produced by different types of radiation | EqD |
| An unstable nucleus that emits one or more forms of ionizing radiation to achieve greater stability | Radionuclide |
| The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in a person | Diagnostic Efficacy |
| Genetic or somatic changes in a living organism caused by excessive cellular damage from exposure to ionizing radiation (cataracts, leukemia, mutation) | Organic Damage |
| Dose that takes into account the dose for all types of ionizing radiation to human organs or tissue and the overall harm of those biologic components for the development of a radiation-induced cancer | EfD |
| Biologic effects of ionizing radiation or other agents on generations yet unborn | Genetic Damage |
| Natural sources of ionizing radiation that become increased b/c of accidental or deliberate human actions | Enhanced Natural Sources |
| Damage to living tissue of animals and human being exposed to radiation | Biologic Effects |
| SI unit of measure for the EqD | Sv |
| Injury on the cellular level caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation at the molecular level | Cellular Damage |
| Long-lived radioactive elements present in variable amounts in the earth's crust that emit densely ionizing radiations | Terrestrial Radiation |
| Energy in transit from one location to another | Radiation |
| High speed electrons ejected from a nucleus that undergoes beta decay | Beta Particle |
| Produces positively and negatively charged particles (ions) when passing through matter | Ionizing Radiation |
| Consists of two protons and two neutrons | Alpha Particle |
| Rays from the sun and beyond the solar system | Cosmic Rays |
| Standardization of film processing techniques, including monitoring and maintenance of all processors in a facility | Quality Control Program |
| Hangs over the area of clinical interest to cast a shadow in the primary beam over the patient's reproductive organs | Shadow Shield |
| Device that increases the patient dose | Grid |
| Cup-shaped radiopaque device that encloses the scrotum and penis to protect the male reproductive organs from exposure to ionizing radiation | Shaped Contact Shield |
| Feature of a radiographic collimator that automatically adjusts the collimator so that the radiation field size matches the film size | PBL |
| An interaction that produces a satisfying result through an exchange of information | Effective Communication |
| Thickness of a designated absorber required to reduce the intensity of the primary beam by 50% of its initial value | HVL |
| Projects down from the x-ray tube housing to prevent the collimator from moving closer than 15cm to the patient | Spacer bars |
| Sheets of aluminum of appropriate thickness localized outside the glass window of the x-ray tube housing above the collimator shutters | Added Filtration |
| Devices used during diagnostic x-ray procedures to protect the reproductive organs from exposure to the useful beam while they are in or within ~ 5 cm of properly collimated beam | Gonadal Shielding |
| Quantity of radiation incident upon an object; backscatter is excluded | ESE |
| Radiation exposure received by the male and female reproductive organs | Gonadal Dose |
| The equivalent dose to the reproductive organs that, if received by every human being, would be expected to cause an identical gross genetic injury to the total population as does the sum of the actual dose received by exposed individual population member | Genetically Significant Dose |
| Radiation the emerges directly from the x-ray tube collimator and moves w/o deflection toward a wall, door, viewing window... | Useful beam |
| Implies that biologic response to ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose | Linear Nonthreshold dose-response curve |
| Nonstochastic somatic effects | Deterministic Effects |
| Hematopoietic from of ARS | Bone Marrow Syndrome |
| Stochastic somatic effects | Probabilistic Effects |
| Predicts that a specific number of excess cancer will occur as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation | Absolute Risk Model |
| Estimates the risk associated with low-level radiation | Linear Quadratic, Nonthreshold Dose-response Curve |
| Form of ARS that appears at a threshold dose of approximately 6 Gy (600 rads) | Gastrointestinal Syndrome |
| Whole-body dose of ionizing radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days | LD 50/30 |
| Predicts that the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases in a population with advancing age | Relative Risk Model |
| A method of dose assessment in which biologic markers or effects of radiation exposure are measured and the dose to the organism in inferred from previously established dose-effect relationships | Biologic dosimetry |
| Radiation sickness that occurs in human being after whole-body reception of large doses of radiation (100 rads or more) delivered over a short time | ARS |
| The radiation dose that causes the number of spontaneous mutations occurring in a given generation to increase to two times their original number | Doubling Dose |
| The period after the initial stage of ARS during which no visible effects or symptoms of radiation exposure occur | Latent Period |
| A solitary atom or a combination of atoms that behaves as an extremely reactive single entity b/c it has an unpaired electron | Free Radical |
| The first stage of ARS | Prodromal Stage |
| Damage to an organism that occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation during the embryonic stage of development | Embryologic Effects |
| Form of ARS that results when the CNS and cardiovascular system receive ionizing radiation doses of 5000 rads or more | Cerebrovascular Syndrome |
| Loss of hair | Epilation |
| Effects produced by reactive free radicals, which are created by the interaction of radiation with a water molecule | Indirect Action |
| The cell dies if inactivation of the master molecule occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation | Target Theory |
| Used to calculate the equivalent dose to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage | Radiation Weighting Factor (Wr) |
| Loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain | Mutation |
| Lesions that result when irradiation occurs early in interphase, before DNA synthesis takes place | Chromosome Aberrations |
| Describes the relative capabilites of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction | RBE |
| Chemical unions created between atoms by the single sharing of one of more pairs of electrons | Covalent cross-links |
| Programmed cell death | Apoptosis |
| The radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation | Bergonie-Tribondeau Law |
| Ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environments to the dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions | OER |
| Method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation | Cell Survival Curve |
| Lesions that result when irradiation of individual chromatids occurs later in interphase, after DNA synthesis takes place | Chromatic Aberrations |
| Biologic dmage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on master, or key, molecules | Direct Action |
| Average energy deposited per unit length of track | LET |
| The breaking of one or both of the sugar-phosphate chains of a DNA molecules | Chromosome Breakage |
| Branch of biology concerned with the effects of ionizing radiation o living systems | Radiation Biology |
| Injury on the molecular level resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation | Molecular Damage |
| A hydrogen radical and a hydroxyl radical | H* and OH* |
| OH* + OH* = H2O2, a substance poisonous to the cell | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| Exposing a cell to as little as 1 rd of ionizing radiation just before it begin diving can result in failure of the cell to start diving on time | Mitotic Delay |
| Annual occupational EfD limit | 50 mSv (5rem) |
| Monthly allowance EqD to the embryo-fetus from occupation exposure of a pregnant technologist | 0.5 mSv (0.05 rem) |
| Beam direction factor | Use Factor (U) |
| Annual EqD limit to localized areas of the skin and hands | 500 mSv (50rem) |
| Specified in units of mAs per week or ma-min per week | Workload (W) |
| Used to modify the shielding requirement for a particular barrier by taking into account the fraction of the work week that the space beyond the barrier is occupied | Occupancy Factor (T) |
Created by:
scampie87
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