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SCB203 RESP
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some of the important organs in the respiratory system? | Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Glottis, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs |
| What does the Nasal Cavity and Pharynx do? | humidifies and cleans the air going into your body, controls food going down as well as breathing |
| What does the glottis do? | upper portion of the Larynx -folds of tissue, controls breathing and vocal cords, directs food and drink |
| what does the Larynx do? | voice box, stays open, keeps food out of the airway and controls breathing |
| Describe the lungs | 2 lungs, left has 2 lobes, right has 3 lobes |
| How do we breathe most of the time? | diaphragm-ally |
| How do we sometimes breathe and when? | Thoracic-ally, while working out |
| What lines the Trachea? What is the Trachea? | Mucosa, major airway supported by ring cartilage |
| What do the Bronchi and Bronchioles do? Do they have ring cartilage? | They carry air to the alveioli, Bronchi has ring cartilage, but not bronchioles, the bronchioler tree in general does have ring cartilage. |
| What are the terminal bronchioes and Alveoli a site for? | Gas exchange |
| What are the 2 systems of respiration | Ventilation and Transpiration |
| what is Transpiation? | gas exchange between blood and alveolar air |
| What is ventilation? | air moving in and out of lungs |
| What are the 2 parts of ventilation? | Inhalation or inspiration and exhalation or expiration |
| What is vital capacity? | The amount of air you can take in one breath |
| What happens to vital capacity as you age? | Your ability to exchange gases decreases |
| What happens if you have less functional alveoli? | Functional capacity also decreases and functional tissue is reduced |
| what is Boyle's law? | Process of trying to equalize intrapleural pressure and atmospheric pressure. Pressure is inversley proportional to its volume, temperature remains constant |
| What happens in boyle's law when pressure goes up or down? | pressure goes up, volume goes down.. pressure goes down, volume goes up |
| What happens in Boyle's law with Inspiration? | Intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric pressure |
| What happens in Boyle's law with Expiration | Intrapulmonary pressure rises above atmospheric pressure |
| Which breathing happens at rest? Which breathing happens during excercise? | Diaphragmal breathing.. thoracic breathing |
| What are the characteristics of Diaphramal breathing? | normal breathing pattern, exchange 500cc or a pint of air, only involves movement of the diaphragm |
| what are the characteristics of Thoracic breathing? | increasing inhalation and exhalation, more demand for oxygen, 3000-4000ccs or mls |
| what muscles do we use to expand the Thorax? Collapse the thorax? | expand - intercostal, scalenis and pectoralis, collapse - serratus ventalis |
| What happens to the Apneac interval when you are at rest versus when you breath more? | lengthens at rest and shortens when you breathe more |
| What is the Apneic internval | Period when you are not breathing, happens between breaths |
| What can vary your vital capacity? | Age , sex, & body size |
| What is the formula for vital capacity? = | tidal volume + inspiratory resver + expiratory reserve |
| Are the pleural cavities open or closed systems? | closed |
| Is ventilation mechanical or passive? Is Transpiration mechanical or passive? | ventilation is mechanical, transpiration is passive. |
| If something occurs passively, what is that also known as? | diffusion |
| What is Transpiration or Alveolar gas exchange? | Converting oxygen into the blood stream |
| Alveolar air is what | atmosphere air |
| What is alveolar air made up of? | 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, trace C02 |
| What is Capillary gas made up of? | 80% nitrogen, 15% oxygen, 5% c02 |
| What is different about Nitrogen? | no metabolic function/enert, flows equally in both directions |
| The difference between alveolar and capillary gas is | cellular respiration |
| What are the factors that effect Alveolar gas exchange? | Pressure gradient, solubility of gases, membrane thickness, membrane surface area and ventilation |
| How is oxygen transported into the blood? | 95% as oxyhemoglobin , 5% dissolves in plasma |
| how is carbon dioxide transported in blood? | 70% as bicarbonate, 20% bound to hemoglobin or caraminohemoglobin and 10% as a dissolved gas with a portion as a bicarbonate |
| what is it called when more CO2 is being transferred than should be? | acidosis, lowers blood ph |
| What is it called when les co2 is being transferred than should be? | alkalosis, raises blood ph |
| how is peripheral transpiration different than alveolar? | more oxygen goes into capillaries |
| what controls the respiratory system? | somatic nervous system |
| What monitors blood ph? | chemoreceptors |
| How is this informationp provided to the brain? | vagus nerve |
| what monitors inflation of the lungs? | stretch receptors |
| what sensors reception on stretch and chemoreception? | medullary dorsal respiratory group |
| what sets breathing rhythm and level of stimulus to phrenic and thoracic nerves? | medullar ventral respiratory group |
| what is the conscious contral of respiration? | cortical control center |
Created by:
watermelon25
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