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Sociology Ch 4.
Key terms for nursing prerequisite: Sociology Unit 2 Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agents of Socialization | Those groups, institutions, and people from which we learn the patterns of our culture |
| Anticipatory Socialization | Social learning that is directed towards occupying a new position and the expected behaviors of that position. |
| Concrete Operational Stage | The stage of development in which children begin to think in terms of actual events and objects and understand causal relationships |
| Conventional Level | A level of moral development in which children begin to evaluate behavior in terms of right and wrong. |
| Differential Socialization | The process by which members of the same society (and even the same family) are raised differently based upon the different roles they are expected to perform as adults |
| Ego | The conscious, reality oriented component of the mind that strives to balance the demands of the id with those of the superego |
| Ethnic (or racial) socialization | The components of socialization that transmit messages concerning the status of one's ethnic (or racial) group in relation to others while facilitating a sense of identity based upon ethnicity (or race) |
| Formal Operational Stage | A final stage of development in which children learn the ability to think abstractly and critically |
| Game Stage | The final stage in development of self, during which children become aware of the generalized other and are able to view a situation from the perspectives of multiple others. |
| Gender Socialization | That portion of socialization involving particular messages about what it means to be male or female in a society |
| Generalized other | The commonly accepted cultural norms and values that we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves |
| I | The subjective, spontaneous, and unique element of self |
| Id | The Component of personality that represents a human being's basic biological needs and demands instant gratification |
| Me | The objective element of self, consisting of the internalized attitudes and expectations fo the larger social environment |
| Mind | The capacity to understand symbols |
| Peer Group | A group of people who share similiar ages, interests, and social positions |
| Play Stage | The second stage in development of self, during which children learn to use language and other symbols, which then enables them to pretend to take the roles of specific others. |
| Postconventional Level | The final level of moral development, in which behavior is evaluated in terms of abstract ethical principles that may transcend rules and laws |
| Preconventional Level | The stage of moral development in which children give little consideration to the views of others and experience the world in terms of what gives them pain or pleasure |
| Preoperational Stage | The stage of development in which children learn to use symbols and mental images to understand the world around them |
| Preparatory Stage | The first stage in development of self, during which children largely imitate the world around them |
| Resocialization | Learning a different set of values, norms, and attitudes from those we have previously learned |
| Self | That portion of an individual's personality composed of self image and self awareness |
| Sensorimotor stage | The stage of development where children can only understand the world around them through their five sense |
| Socialization | The lifelong process by which individuals learn their culture and develop their human potential |
| Superego | The moral and ethical aspects of personality shaped by the culture in which the child lives |
| Taking the role of the other | To be able to see one's self as specific other people see us |
| Total institution | An environment in which people are isolated from the rest of society and under the continuous control of the administrative staff |
| Sigmund Frued | Viewed as the founder of the psychoanalytic perspective in psychology; id, ego, superego |
| Jean Piaget | Human cognition; believed that human cognition develops in fours stages, beginning at birth; sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage, |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | Studied the moral development of children, which he believed began at the age of seven; Preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level. |
| Carol Gilligan | examined the moral development of girls |
| Justice Perspective | boys rely upon formal rules and laws to determine what is right and wrong. |
| Care and Responsibility Perspective | actions are judged on the basis of personal relationships and loyalties |
| George Herbert Mead | Studied the development of the sense of self |
| Voluntary resocialization | occurs when one chooses to enter a dramatically different position. |
| Involuntary Resocialization | occurs largely against the will of a person. |
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