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Chapter 2

Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life

QuestionAnswer
the pattern component of chemical evolution early in earth's history, simple chemical compounds combined to form more complex carbon-containing substances that accumulated in the oceans
the process component of chemical evolution complex carbon-containing compounds formed because energy in sunlight and extremely hot water was converted to chemical energy in the form of new chemical compounds
dalton unit of measurement for protons, neutrons, and electrons
electron shells the levels that orbitals are arranged into
covalent bonds two molecules held together by a chemical bond: the attractive pulls overpower the repulsive forces
molecules substances that are held together by covalent bonds
order of electronegativity for the four most popular elements (Greatest to smallest) 0, N, C, H
non polar bonding equal sharing of electrons
polar bonding asymmetrical sharing of electrons
ionic bonding the electrons of one atom are completely transferred to another
ion an atom or molecule that carries a charge
cation positively charged ion
anion ion with negative charge
cohesion binding between two like molecules
adhesion binding between two unlike molecules
specific heat the amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of substance by 1C
Created by: 1311162352
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