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Embryology
Cardiovascular System 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q What connects the Dorsal Aortae to the Aortic sac? | A Aortic arches |
| Q Intersegmental Arteries become what in the neck? | A Vertebral arteries |
| Q What do the 5th lumbar intersegmental arteries become? | A Common iliac arteries |
| Q What do the 7th intersgmental arteries become? | A L side = L subclavian artery, R side = distal R subclavian artery |
| Q what do the intersegmental arteries in the thorax become? | A intercostal arteries |
| What blood vessels supply the yolk sac? | A Vitelline arteries (vitelline veins present as well) |
| Q The vitelline arteries become what gut-trunks w/ developement? | A celiac trunk, sup/inf mesenteric artery. Remember association w/ GUT. |
| Q What do the proximal umbilical arteries form after birth? | A internal iliac arteries & sup vesical arteries |
| Q What do the distal umbilical arteries form after birth? | A medial umbilical ligaments |
| Q Which aortic arch forms the maxillary arteries, and part of the external carotid artery? | A Arch 1 |
| Q What does aortic arch 2 form? | Aortic arch 2 forms the hyoid arteries, and stapedial arteries (ear) |
| Q Which portion of aortic arch 3 forms the common AND external carotid arteries? | A The proximal portion of aortic arch 3 |
| Q which portion of aortic arch 3 forms the proximal portion of the internal carotid arteries? | A the distal portion of aortic arch 3 |
| Q Where is the distal portion of the internal carotid arteries derived from? | A dorsal aorta |
| Q Which side of aortic arch 4 forms part of the aortic arch | A The left side of arch 4, forms the arch of the aorta between the L common carotid, and L subclavian arteries |
| Q Which side of arch 4 forms the proximal R subclavian artery? | A the R side of arch 4 |
| Q Where is the L subclavian artery from? | A 7th intersegmental |
| Q Which was the aortic arch that couldn't? | A the 5th arch, he ate it. |
| Q The proximal portions of both sides of this arch form pulmonary arteries | A Arch 6, left proximal = L pulmonary artery, R = R |
| Q The recurrent laryngeal n. passes inf to what portion of arch 6? | A the L side, distal portion which runs between the pulmonary artery and the aorta |
| Q which portion of arch 6 degenerates? | The R side, distal portion, to allow the R recurrent laryngeal n. to hook around R subclavian artery. |
| Q The aortic sac becomes the ascending aorta, and developes two horns. What do these horns become? | A L horn = arch of aorta, R horn = brachiocephalic trunk |
| Q which aortic arch forms the arch of the aorta/dorsal aorta? | A 4th arch |
| Q postductal coarctation (constriction) of the aorta occurs distally to the ductus arteriosus. What does this do to circulation? | A collateral circulation developes to supply blood to body |
| Q What prenatal effect does preductal coarctation (constriction) of the aorta have? | A no prenatal effect. postnatally it leads to sever hypoperfusion(low arterial blood supply) as channels/ducts close after birth |
| Q: what does hepatic mean? | A: pertaining to the liver |
| Q: Where are remnants of the vitelline veins found ? | A: In hepatic portal vein (around duodenum), Hepatic sinusoids/veins, and Hepatic portion of inf vena cava (from R vitelline) |
| Q which of the umbilical veins persists to carry O2 blood from placenta to embryo? | A: The left umbilical vein persists, the R regresses |
| A: The left umbilical vein persists, the R regresses | A: The ductus venosus shift blood from the umbilical vein to the inf vena cava |
| Q: The anterior cardinal veins are sup to the heart. A "shunt" between the L/R anterior cardinal veins moves most of the blood to which side, and becomes what? | A: The shunt shifts the majority of blood to the R side, and becomes the L brachiocephalic vein |
| Q: The R anterior cardinal vein, and the common cardinal vein form what? | A: The sup vena cava |
| Q: Posterior cardinal veins are below the level of the heart. These are replaced, but manage to form what two structures? | A: root of azygos vein, and common iliac veins |
| Q: What are the posterior cardinal veins replaced by? | A: Supracardinal veins drain the body wall via intercostal veins, and subcardinal veins drain the kidneys |
| Q: What are the four segments of the inf vena cava? | A: Hepatic (hepatic vein/ R vitelline), Prerenal (R subcardinal), Renal (sub/supracardinal joining), Postrenal (R supracardinal) |
| Q: T/F the umbilical vein carries O2, nutrient rich blood? | A: T |
| Q: The fetus bypasses liver circulation via the ductus venosus. How does it bypass lung circulation? | A: First, by use of the "crista dividens", which deflects blood from the RA to LA (it is the leading edge of the septum secundum. Second, through the "ductus arteriosus" which deflects blood into the descending aorta from the pulmonary trunk. |
| Q: How does pressure change at birth? | A: low placental circulation = low inf vena cava/RA pressure, also aeration of lungs = up pulmonary blood flow, and LA pressure |
| Q: At birth, what does up pressure in LA and down RA pressure cause? | A: closure of foramen ovale |
| Q: At birth, the pressure in pulmonary resistance becomes lower than systemic resistance. What does this cause? | A: Closure of the ductus arteriosus |
| I once wrote a book on penguins... | ...I should've used paper. |
| Q: What does the umbilical vein become in the adult? | A: The ligamentum teres hepatis, from the umbilicus (back of belly button), to the portal vein in the liver |
| Q: What embryological structure is the ligamentum venosum derived from? | A: the ligamentum venosum is within the liver, between the portal vein and the inf vena cava. It is derived from the ductus venosus. Think VENOSUs/m. |
| Q: What do the umbilical arteries become in the adult? | A: the medial umbilical ligament, and the sup. vesical arteries(bladder) |
| Q: What is the foramen ovale called in an adult? | A: the fossa ovalis. it is closed by 3 months. |
| Q: What becomes the ligamentum arteriosum in an adult? | Q: The ductus arteriosus |
| Q: under inflation of the lungs, prematurity, or rubella infection furing tri 1 may cause what? | A: Patent ductus arteriosus. (patent means "open") |
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DumpTruck
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