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Nutrition - E1 - P2
Nutrition - Exam 1 - Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General guidelines to calories: Low = ___ Moderate = ___ High = ___ | 40, 100, 400 |
| The average American should consume about ____ of fiber. | 28 g |
| There are no Daily Values Recommendations for ______, ______, and ______. | trans fat, sugars, protein |
| ______ are food labels that characterize the quantity of a nutrient in a food and must meet FDA definitions. | nutrient claims |
| ______ are food labels that state the relationship between a nutrient in a food and a disease or health related condition. | health claims |
| ______ are food labels that do not need FDA approval. | structure-function claims |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of at least 25% less fat in a serving than the original food. | reduced-fat |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of 3 grams or less fat in a serving. | lowfat |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of less than 0.5 grams of fat in a serving. | fat-free |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of 1/3 fewer calories or 1/2 the fat (in a serving) of the original product. | light |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of less than 0.5 grams sugar in a serving. | sugar-free |
| ______ is a nutrient claim of at least 25% fewer calories. | reduced-calorie |
| ______ is the process by which food is broken down into absorbable units. | digestion |
| ______ is the uptake of nutrients by the cells of the small intestine for transport into either the blood or the lymph. | absorption |
| The ______ is the inner space of the GI tract. | lumen |
| The ______ is a tube from mouth to esophagus, shared with respiratory system. | pharynx |
| The ______ is a flap of cartilage which guards entrance of trachea. | epiglottis |
| The ______ sphincter is at the end of the stomach and opens into the small intestine. | pyloric |
| The stomach is composed of what 3 layers of muscle? | longitudinal, circular, diagonal |
| What are the 3 segments of the small intestine? | Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum |
| The ______ provides digestive fluids that come from the gallbladder. | common bile duct |
| The ______ provides digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | pancreatic duct |
| _______ is wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push food along. | peristalsis |
| ______ is a protein which facilitates a chemical reaction. | enzyme |
| ______ is the addition of water to break a molecule into smaller pieces. | hydrolysis |
| What are 3 digestive enzymes? | Carbohydrase Protease Lipase |
| What are 5 organs that produce secretions? | Salivary Glands Stomach Pancreas Liver Small Intestine |
| ______ produce water, salts, mucus and enzymes. | salivary glands |
| Salivary glands initiate ______ digestion. | carbohydrate |
| Gastric juice is made up of water, enzymes, and ______. | hydrochloric acid (HCl) |
| Gastric juice aids primarily in ______ digestion. | protein |
| In the stomach, ______ produce mucus which coats the cells, protecting them from the acidic environment. | goblet cells |
| The acidity of the stomach causes ______ to temporarily quit working. | salivary enzymes |
| The pancreas produces the enzyme ______, which neutralizes pH. | bicarbonate |
| The liver produces and the gallbladder stores ______. | bile |
| Bile is an ______ that allows enzymes to get to the fats. | emulsifier |
| The small and large intestines have a _____ pH. | neutral |
| The small and large intestines permit the growth of good ______ which produces ______ which aids in blood clotting. | bacteria, vitamin k |
| Stool is made up of what 3 ingredients? | water, dissolved salts, fiber |
| The colon causes the ______ of undigested residues. | fermentation |
| What are the 3 ways nutrients are absorbed? | Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active Transport |
| ______ are the fingerlike projections within the folds of the small intestine that move in a wave-like pattern to trap nutrients. | villi |
| ______ are the microscopic hairlike projections on each villi. | microvilli |
| ______ are the tubular glands that lie between the intestinal villi and secrete intestinal juices. | crypts |
| ______ are located between the villi and secrete a protective thick mucus. | goblet cells |
| ______ vitamins and small products of digestion enter the bloodstream via the capillaries and are headed to the bloodstream. | water-soluble |
| Larger ______ and ______ vitamins cluster together with a special protein called a chylomicron and enter the lymphatic system via a lacteal. | fats, fat-soluble |
| Larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins cluster together with a special protein called a ______ and enter the lymphatic system via a lacteal. | chylomicron |
| The ______ directs blood from the GI tract to the liver. | hepatic portal vein |
| The ______ takes blood from the liver to the heart. | hepatic vein |
| The liver protects against toxic substances and is known as the ______. | gatekeeper |
| ______ is a clear, yellowish fluid without red blood cells or platelets that moves through the body by muscle contractions. | lymph |
| ______ are the lymphatic vessels of the intestine that absorb nutrients and pass them to the lymphatic system. | lacteals |
| A healthy GI tract has many different non-disease-causing bacteria known as ______ or ______. | flora, microflora |
| ______ are bacteria found in foods that can be beneficial to health. An example is the bacteria found in yogurt. | probiotics |
| ______ are foods that are used as food by intestinal bacteria ( Fiber). | prebiotics |
| What are the two systems that coordinate homeostatic conditions for the digestive system? | Hormonal Nervous |
| ______ are chemical messengers that travel to tissues or organs to elicit a response to maintain homeostasis. | hormones |
| What are the 3 hormones we discuss? | Gastrin Secretin Cholecystokinin = CCK |
| Food entering the stomach stimulates the release of ______. | gastrin |
| Gastrin stimulates the stomach glands to secrete ______. | HCL |
| When pH of ______ is reached the HCL turns off the gastrin producing cells. | 1.5-1.7 |
| After chyme enters the small intestine, the pancreas adds ______ to neutralize the acidic chyme. | bicarbonate |
| The presence of chyme stimulates the cells of the small intestine to release _______ into the blood. | secretin |
| When ______ reaches the pancreas, it stimulates it to release bicarbonate. | secretin |
| Fat in the intestine stimulates the cells of the intestinal wall to release ______. | CCK |
| ______ travels to the gallbladder, stimulates it to contract, and it sends bile to the small intestine. | CCK |
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