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109 Ch. 70
STD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is HIV transmitted | sexually, percutaneous injection of contaminated blood, infected mother to fetus |
| what is epidemiology | study of disease cause and distribution |
| what is incidence | # of new cases approx 19mil ea yr |
| what phases do all STDs have | latent or sub-clinical phase |
| what are top two reported STDS | 1st: HPV 2nd Gonorrhea/Chlamydia |
| who is most affected w/ gonorrhea | adol. and can tx w/o parent consent in most states, south, minorities |
| What is incubation period for gonn | 3-8 days, short, killed by drying, heating, washing Men: dev 2-5 days |
| what can gonorr lead to | scarring of fallopian tubes leading to ectopic pregs |
| What is diff. in men/women w/ gonorrhea | men: symptomatic complications: prostatis, urethral strictures, sterility women: asymptomatic compl: PID, Bartholin's abscess, ectopic, infertility |
| what can gonorr do to infants | cause blindness |
| what is presumptive diagnosis in men for gonorr? Women? | Men: infected partner followed by urethral discharge, pos. culture Women: Must have culture |
| what is most common tx for gonorr | Rocephin IM, antibiotics, abstanence, no alcohol |
| what are three stages of syphilis | primary: start 2-3wks, painless lesion(chancre), resolve 2mos secondary: body rash 2-8wks after chancre w/ hands/soles. Latency occurs after 2nd tertiary:affect organs, aortitis, neurosyphilis, dementia, psychosis |
| How is syphilis mainly spread | men to men sex, enter thru tear in skin or mucus membrane Also, needles, utero after 10th wk(stillborn) Incubation 10-90 days, long |
| what test is usually always with syphilis | HIV wtih consent |
| Syphilis is systemic so how spread | blood borne bacteria to all major organ systems Tx: antibiotics |
| what is condylomata lata | moist weeping papules |
| what can latent stage be divided into | early: w/in yr infect gotten late: infection present >1yr |
| what is to be known about Latent, 2nd stage pts wtih syphilis | 70% of untreated in latent stage never dev 3rd stage |
| what are gummas | appear in 3rd stage syphilis, destructive skin, bone, soft tiss nodular lesions |
| what two systems are affected in 3rd stage of syphilis | cardio: aneurysms, valve insufficiency, heart failure CNS: neurosyphilis: speech probs, dementia |
| what are two diagnostic tests for syphilis | dark-field microscopy: look for antibodies Serum tests: FTA, VDRL, RPR |
| what are reportable communicable diseases | syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, |
| Is chlamydia easy to detect | no s/s in women, incubation period is 1-3 wks Men: have burning pee, discharge, swollen testicles, pain(epididymitis) |
| what is recommended for chlamydial testing | annual for all preg, sex active <25yr, older w/ new partner |
| what is tx for chlamydia | dual therapy cause usually gonorrhea is with |
| what is pyuria | pee with pus |
| what are 5P's in assessment for sexual hx? | Partners, prevention of preg, protection from STDs, practices, past hx of STDs |
| what are major goals wtih STDs | undertand tx, reduce anxiety, incr comliance, absence of complications, know to treat partner, abstain 7 days after tx, condoms |
| what are common complications wtih STDs | infertility, ectopic pregs, PID |
| what are two types of herpes | HSV1:cold sores, above waist HSV2: below waist viral |
| what are prodromal s/s of herpes | early s/s, initial: burning, tingling, lesions, ulcerate/crust |
| what is important to remember about HSV | recurrence 50-80% next yr. Triggers: stress, fatigue, sunburn, menses |
| what are good hygiene meaures to follow for herpes | loose clothing, no powders, fluids, nutrition, rest, protection, reduce anxiety |
| what is most common STD among young people | HPV |
| what are most common strains of HPV | 6 & 11, cause condylomata: warts |
| what are three medical cares to provide wtih STDs | care of s/s, antibiotics, fetal protection if needed, counseling, teaching, follow up |
| With HIV, what are the infected cells involved | CD4 & T cells |
| Will all infants be infected wtih HIV if born to mom w/ it | no, 25% infected, most test pos to virus |
| what are three antibody tests for HIV and what is final confirmation | EIA: antibodies Western Blot Assay: FINAL CONFIRM FOR HIV Rapid HIV antibody screening test: 96% accurate |
| what is primary infection | rapid viral replication usually 4-7wks, known as acute HIV infection, perioud from infec w/ HIV to dev HIV-specific antibodies |
| what are safety sexual behaviors with HIV | no share sexual fluids, 1 partner, condoms, dental dams, no anal sex, no share razors/toothbrush/sex toys/blood, inform others, no sex w/ other HIV, no donate blood/plasma/organs/sperm |
| Can non latex, lambskin, condoms protect from HIV | no, use latex |
| with oral contraceptive and IUD, what is a concern with HIV | both incr risk of HIV infection. Estrogen incr risk and string on IUD incr risk to trasmit |
| what are retroviruses | carry genetic material in RNA and can create DNA by reverse transcriptase: attach,uncoat,DNA synthesis,integration,transcription,translation,cleavage,budding |
| what is normal range of CD4 Tcell count? What is problem? When does pt have AIDS | normal: 800-1200, live 100 days problem: <500, inf cells live 2 AIDS: <200cells |
| what is definition for AIDS | count <200, wasting syndrome, AIDS dementia, opportunisitc infection like PCP(pneumonia), HIV for 7-10yrs |
| what are s/s of PCP | nonproductive cough, fever, chills, chest pain |
| GI issues wtih HIV/AIDS | oral candidiasis, D(need L/day), wasting syndrome(10% loss) |
| what are oncologic manifestations wtih HIV/AIDS | Kaposi's sarcoma: skin lesions, systems affected B-cell Lymphomas *clear sign AIDS has dev |
| What is neurologic affects of HIV/AIDS | HIV encephalophathy: CMV is major cause b/c low immune cause it to become active |
| what is drug therapy for HIV | decr viral load, detect early |
| what is window period for HIV | HIV+ tests neg for HIV antibody while infected and contagious. 2-3wks later can detect |
| what is viral set point | remaining amt of virus in body after primary infect, steady state of inf lasts for years |
| what is key nursing mgmt for HIV pt | strict adherence to med regimes |
| which group is fastest growing for HIV | heterosexual women |
| what is sign of electrolyte deficit | decr mental status, muscle twitching, muscle cramps, irregular pulse, N/V, shallow R food: oranges/bananas |
Created by:
palmerag
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