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Geology

Test 1

QuestionAnswer
What is a mineral? a naturally occurring solid, formed by geologic processes, that has crystalline structure and a definable chemical composition
Isotope variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons
Chemical Bonding Atoms combine (bond) by losing, gaining or sharing electrons to form minerals
Ionic Bonding Transfer of electrons, form when shells are nearly empty or nearly full, weak bond
Covalent Bonding Sharing of electrons, form when shells are about half full, strong bond
How do Minerals Form? Chemical reactions between elements, crystallization,
Color Least reliable, color depends on the presence of certain ions, such as iron, chromium, cobalt
Luster How the surface reflects light, Metallic vs. Non-metallic
Streak Color of a mineral in powdered state
Cleavage The tendency of minerals to break along planes of weakness, weaknesses within the structure allow the mineral to break along specific planes
Fracture Breaks randomly
Hardness A minerals resistance to scratching & abrasion
Specific Gravity Ratio of weight to an equal volume of water, how heavy it feels relative to other minerals
Crystal Habit Characteristic shape as it grows Ex. Quartz
Polymorphs Two different minerals that have the same composition but different crystal structure
Created by: crescenti
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