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Cells & Tissues
Capillary Function
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Q: What is the function of capillaries? | A: Cappilaries are where exchange takes place. |
| Q: What are the different ways capillaries can exchange nutrients and wastes? | A: Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. |
| Q: What is a concentration gradient? | A: A concentration gradient is a difference in a small molecule or ion from one side of a membrane to another. |
| Q: What is brownian movement? | A: Particles of substance dissolved in liquid or gas solvent are in continuous movement. |
| Q: What type of molecules move by simple diffusion? | A: Gases, such as oxygen and CO2, move by simple diffusion. |
| Q: What is simple diffusion? | A: The movement of uncharged small molecules through the lipid bilayer. This is how oxygen and CO2 move. |
| Q: What is facilitated diffusion? Give examples. | A: An integral membrane protein assisting an ion or molecule flowing down its concentration gradient (Example: Na+ & K+ gates or channels. |
| Q: How can an ion or molecule move down its concentration gradient? | A: Through simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion (osmosis could work as well but it's not always defined this way). |
| Q: What is active transport? Give an example. | A: Secondary active transport is observed when a needed ion or molecule is brought into the cell along with an ion flowing down its concentration gradient (Example; Na+/glucose symport). |
| Q: What is secondary active transport? Give an example. | A: Use of a transmembrane difference in an ion or molecule to bring in a needed molecule (Example; Na+ - Glucose symport). |
| Q: How can an ion or molecule be moved against its concentration gradient? | A: Through active transport or secondary active transport. |
| Q: What is osmosis? | A: Osmosis is the flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a compartment where solute concentration is lower to one where the solute concentration is higher. |
| Q: True or false? Osmosis is considering the direction in which water moves. | A: True. |
| Q: What is osmotic pressure? | A: Osmotic pressure is the amount of force that would be needed to counteract the movement of water. |
| Q: What is a hypertonic solution? What would happen to a cell in such a solution? | A: A hypertonic solution is defined as a high concentration of solute molecules; typically higher than that of solutes found in the cell. A cell would shrivel in a hypertonic solution. |
| Q: What is a isotonic solution? What would happen to a cell in such a solution? | A: An isotonic solution is when the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell are equal. Nothing would happen to a cell in an isotonic solution. |
| Q: What is a hypotonic solution? What would happen to a cell in such a solution? | A: A hypotonic solution is a low or no concentration of solute molecules outside the cell. A cell would burst in a hypotonic solution. |
| Q: In what type of cells woul you find a Na+/K+ ATPase pump? | A: In all cells. |
| Q: Where would you find a Ca+2 ATPase pump? | A: In the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal and cardiac muscle. |
| Q: What is a uniport? | A: A uniport is an integral membrane transport protein that transports a specific ion or molecule in one direction across the membrane. |
| Q: What is an antiport? | A: An antiport is an integral membrane transport protein that simutaneously transports two different ios or molecules, in opposite directions, across the membrane. |
| Q: The normal concentration of protein is higher _________ the cell. | A: Inside. |
| Q: The normal concentration of K+ is higher _________ the cell. | A: Inside. |
| Q: The normal concentration of Na+ is higher _________ the cell. | A: Outside. |
| Q: The normal concentration of Cl- is higher _________ the cell. | A: Outside. |
| Q: The normal concentration of Ca+2 is higher _________ the cell. | A: Outside. |
| Q: What is a symport? | A: A symport is an integral membrane protein involved in active transport of two or more different molecules or ions across a membrane in one direction. One moves down its concentration gradient, while the other moves against its concentration gradient. |
| Q: What is pinocytosis? | A: Cell drinking. |
| Q: What is endocytosis? | A: Pulling in large aggregates (opposite of exocytosis). |
| Q: What is exocytosis? | A: Secretion of substances. |
| Q: What is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure? | A: Albumin is responsible for osmotic balance and pH buffering. |
| Q: True or false? Simple diffusion is dependant on concentration. | A: True. |
| Q: True or false? Faciliated diffusion is dependant on concentration. | A: False. Channels are going as fast as they can until they become saturated. |
| Q: True or false? A voltage gated ion channel is an example of faciliated diffusion. | A: True. |
| Q: True or false? In an antiport, ATP powers conformational changes to assist in the movement of ions or molecules. | A: True. |
| Q: True or false? Use of an antiport would be considered active transport. | A: True. |
| Q: Hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid ____ the capillary at its proximal end. | A: out of |
| Q: Osmotic pressure tends to force fluid ___ the capillary at its distal end. | A: into |
| Q: During gas exchange Co2 moves mostly as a _______ ion. | A: Bicarbonate |
Created by:
SquallKing
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