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FCSDBio-Cell Repro

Ch 8 Cell Reproduction vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
anaphase chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of cells, pulled by tracations fibers attached to centromeres
asexual reproduction production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes
autosome a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
binary fission an asexual cell division of prokaryotes that produces identical offspring
cell plate a membrane that divides newly formed plant cells following mitosis
centriole a structure that appears during mitosis in animal cells
centromere a region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together and which is the site of attachment of the chromosome to the spindle fibers during mitosis
chromatid one of two identical parts of a chromosome
crossing-over the exchange of genes by reciprocal segments of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm of one cell into two new cells
diploid contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair
gamete a reproductive cell
genetic recombination produces a new combination of genetic material
haploid having only one chromosome of each homologous pair
homologous chromosome one of a pair of similar chromosomes
independent assortment during meiosis, the random distribution of genes from different chromosomes to the gametes
interphase a period of cell growth and development in which DNA replicates (duplicates) itself
karyotype a picture of an individual's chromosome
meiosis the process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half
metaphase the second phase of mitosis during which all chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
mitosis eukaryotic cell division
oogenesis the production of of mature egg cells
polar body one of two small cells produced and discarded during each of the two meiotic divisions that yield the haploid egg
prophase the first stage of mitosis and meiosis during which chromatin shortens and thickens (now visible); centrioles migrate to opposite poles; spindle fibers form; nuclear membrane disappears
sex chromosome a chromosome that determines sex
sexual reproduction the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms
spermatogenesis the production of sperm cells
spindle fibers extend across a dividing cell to assist in the movement of chromosomes
synapsis the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
telophase the final stage of mitosis during which cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) and nuclear membranes reform
Created by: fcsdklw
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