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Nervous System An
Nervous System Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the nervous system branch into | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| What is the central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| What is the peripheral nervous system | everything else in the body |
| What does the PNS divide into | sensory and motor division |
| What does the motor division divide into | the somatic and autonomic division |
| What does the somatic division control | voluntary movement |
| What does the autonomic division control | involuntary movement |
| What does the autonomic division split up into | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| What are the nervous and endocrine systems responsible for | communication and integration |
| How does the nervous system do communication and integration | through action potential |
| How does the endocrine system do this | through chemicals and hormones |
| What is a neuron | a nerve cell |
| What are dendrites | the part of the axon that branches out and has the sense receptors to receive information |
| What is the cell body | the part of the neuron that functions as the part of the cell that controls the cellular functions of the neuron |
| What is the axon | the long body of a neuron that carries the message |
| In the CNS, what is a collection of axons called | a Tract |
| In the PNS, what is a collection of axons called | nerves |
| In the CNS, what is the cell body called | nucleus |
| What is the cell body called in the PNS | ganglia |
| What are nerves | collection of axons |
| What are ganglia | collection of cell bodies with dendrites |
| What are neuroglia | supportive cells to the neuron that allow the neuron to be the most efficient it can be |
| What are the four neuroglia in the CNS | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal |
| What are the 2 neuroglia in the PNS | schwann cells and satellite cells |
| What do astrocytes do | they are star shaped cells that anchors the axon to capillaries and keeps the environment in which the neuron is located chemically balanced |
| What do oligodendrocytes do | help make myelin sheath in the CNS neurons |
| What do microglia do | they are defense cells that are phagocytic and clean up the environment around the neuron and keep it clear of bacteria |
| What does phagocytic mean | it breaks down things around it |
| What does the ependymal do | it creates the boundary between brain and spinal cord and prevents materal from escaping from one side to the other |
| What do the cillia on the ependymal cells do | circulate cerebral spinal fluid |
| What do schwann cells do | they make myelin sheath in the PNS neurons |
| What do satellite cells do | they have an unknown function |
| How do schwann cells myelinate the axon | they wrap around the axon; membrane upon membrane upon membrane |
| What are the nodes of raniever | they are the gaps between the schwann cells on the axon |
| How do the CNS neurons get myelinated | the axon rolls up and is myelinated on an extension of the oligodendrocyte |
| What is the difference between the way that the CNS and the PNS neurons are myelinated | in a PNS neuron, there are many schwann cells myelinating the axon and in a CNS neuron, there is only one oligodendrocyte but it is myelinating many axons |
| What are 4 characteristics of nervous tissue | there is a high energy demand, high metabolic rate, deprivation of oxygen and energy to the neurons will cause death, long lifespan, amitotic |
| What does amitotic mean | does not reproduce |
| Neurons that are multipolar consist of | 1 axon, 1 cell body, many dendrites |
| Most neurons are ____polar | multipolar |
| Neurons that are bipolar consist of | 1 axon, 1 cell body, and 1 dendrite |
| Bipolar neurons are used for what | very refined communication |
| What do unipolar neurons consist of | 1 cell body and one projection. one side of the cell body tends to act as a dendrite and one side of the cell body tends to act as an axon. |
| Unipolar cells are only used in | embryological |
| What are afferent neurons | neurons that go towards the CNS |
| what are efferent neurons? | neurons that go towards the PNS |
| What are association fibers | they connect the afferent neuron with the efferent neuron (only in CNS) |
| What does a sensory neuron do | information is passed from the sense receptors to the CNS |
| Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent | afferent |
| What are motor neurons | neurons that connect to muscles |
| Are motor neurons afferent or efferent | efferent |
| What are integration neurons | neurons that direct correct response for what's coming in to the CNS |
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