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Geology 140-Honors

Test 1

QuestionAnswer
Geology science concerned with study of earth, composition, process, and history
Water (resource) 70% of earth's surface. we drink from groundwater (rivers/streams) cone of depression-from wells ground water is stored in aquifers
Strike-Slip Fault two plates slide past one another
Reverse fault The hanging wall moves up
Normal fault Hanging wall moves down
Breaks in Rock Creates faults. 1. Normal 2. Reverse 3. Strike-slip
Bending in Rocks Creates folds 1. anticline (rocks arch) 2. syncline (rock sinks)
Metamorphic Rocks For by recrystallization of existing rocks under heat and pressure.
Sedimentary Rocks Form by lithification of sediment (sand, silt, clay, shells)
Lithification 1. cement together 2. compact together
Igneous Rock For by solidification of molten rock (magma and lava)
Type of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metapmorphic
Hot spots Convective upwelling of hot material from deep within the mantle (yellowstone) fixed position in mantle
Transform Plate Boundary Result from shear stress Plates slide past each other Associated with mid-ocean ridges (San Andres Fault)
Convergent Plate boundaries compressional subduction creates volcanoes 1)ocean-ocean:older cooler crust subducts (volcanoes) 2)Ocean-continent:ocean crust subducts (volcanoes) 3)continent-continent: crust overlaps, little to no subduction, forms high mountains
Divergent Plate Boundaries Extensional force, new crust forms, shallow earth quakes, volcanoes common
Mantle Convection Hot magma rises, cold magma sinks (Arthur Holmes)
Continental Drift All continents were once 1 (pangea) evidence: 1. fit of continents 2. fossils 3. rock type/structures 4. paleoclimate
Mechanics of Earth System lithosphere: solid asthenosphere:plastic mesosphere:solid/plastic outer core: liquid inner core:solid
Core Iron and Nickel
Mantle Ultramafic (Mg, Fe)
Crust oceanic: basalt (mg, Fe) 7-10 km thick continental:Granite (al, k, fe, si) 25-40 km thick
Composition of Earth crust, mantle, core
Mineral Properties Hardness, cleavage, fracture, luster, color, specific gravity, crystals, unique properties
Carrying Capacity maximum # of people earth can hold without causing environmental degradation
Science testable, based on facts and observations not a belief system
Created by: 719655916
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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