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Biology of C/T
n. Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Are nuerons considered excitable cells? | Yes, they are able to conduct a stimulus. |
| What is the quantity of ECM in nervous tissue? | Nervous tissue is almost entirely cellular, there is little ECM. |
| What are the functions of nervous tissue? | The functions are to sense environmental changes, transmit stimuli to elicit response in tissue/individual. |
| What are the components of nervous tissue? | The components are the neuron, supporting cells of the CNS/PNS. |
| What are the forms of neurons? | Motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons are the forms. |
| What are the components of neurons? | Cell body, one axon, and various dendrites are the components. |
| What are the anatomical classifications of neurons? | The classifications are bipolar (one dendrite/one axon) in eye, ear, nose; psuedounipolar (one-branched process) in dorsal root ganglia; and multipolar (multiple dendrites/one axon) in the CNS and PNS. |
| What are the types of neuron synapses? | Electrical and chemical (most common) are the types of neuron synapses. |
| What are the sites of synapses? | The sites are axodendritic (axon/dendrite), axosomatic (axon/cell body), and axoaxonic (axon/axon). |
| Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS. | The supporting cells of the CNS are neuroglia. They are more abundant than neurons and divide mitotically. |
| What are the types of neuroglial cells? | The types are macroglial, microglial, and ependymal cells. |
| What are the types of macroglial cells? | The types are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. |
| Describe astrocytes. | Protection. Astrocytes provide blood brain barrier, they are the most numerous glial cells. |
| What is the function of oligodendrocytes? | Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths in CNS. |
| What are microglial cells? | Microglial cells are phagocytes. |
| What is the function of ependymal cells and where are they found? | The function is to produce cerebral spinal fluid and they line the brain ventricles/spinal cord. They are part of the choroid plexus. |
| What are the supporting cells of the PNS? | Schwann cells, satellite cells. |
| What is the function/location of Schwann cells? | Forms myelin sheath in PNS outside axon. |
| What is the function/location of satellite cells? | Satellite cells are found in ganglia and function as astrocytes for the PNS. |
| What do the brain and spinal cord form? | The brain and spinal cord make up the CNS. |
| The cranial and spinal nerves along with ganglia form what? | The PNS. |
| What division of the motor portion of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscle? | The somatic/voluntary nervous system. |
| What division of the nervous system (motor portion) innervates smooth/cardiac m. and glands? | The autonomic/involuntary nervous system. |
| What matter forms the deep portion of the brain and superficial portion of the spinal cord? | White matter, which is myelinated/unmyelinated axons. |
| What is a group of neuronal cell bodies called that makes up part of white matter? | Nuclei. |
| What forms the superficial brain and deep spinal cord? | Gray matter with neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. |
| Where are the synapses in the CNS? | Gray matter. |
| What part of the brain controls fine motor skills and posture? | The cerebellar cortex. |
| What does the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex contain? | Dendrites of Purkinje cells. |
| In what layer of the cerebral cortex are small neurons found? | In the granular layer. |
| What are the four areas of the spinal cord? | Dorsal, ventral, lateral horns and the central canal are areas of the spinal cord. |
| In which horn of the spinal cord are sensory neurons and interneurons found? | Dorsal horn. |
| In which horn of the spinal cord are motor neurons to skeletal muscle found? | Ventral horn. |
| In which portion of the spinal cord are lateral horns found and what do they contain? | Thoracic and lumbar spine containing sympathetic motor neurons. |
| What lines the central canal of the spinal cord? | Ependymal cells. |
| Name the three coverings of the CNS. | Dura mater (outer), arachnoid, and pia mater (deep). |
| Which of the meninges is avascular? | The arachnoid layer. |
| What separates the dura mater from the arachnoid? | The subdural space. |
| What separates the arachnoid layer from the pia mater? | The subarachnoid space, filled with CSF. |
| Which meninge is composed of dense CT and which loose CT? | The dura mater is dense CT (cont. periosteum of the skull) and the pia mater is loose CT. |
| How does the blood brain barrier restrict passage? | By tight junctions that decrease capillary permeability and foot processes of astrocytes. |
| What are the two types of ganglia? | Sensory and motor. |
| What are the coverings of peripheral nerves? | Epineurium (entire nerve), perineurium (individual fascicles) and endoneurium (individual fibers/Schwann cells). |
| What is the only place outside the CNS where neuronal cell bodies are found? | Ganglia. |
| What do ganglia contain? | Glial cells and CT. |
| Which type of ganglia is associated with cranial nerves and the dorsal root of spinal nerves? | Sensory ganglia. |
| Which ganglia are part of the autonomic n. system? | Motor ganglia (PSNS, SNS). |
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