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Vocab 9.2, 9.3, 10.1

Ross Metzger questions and definitions as answers

QuestionAnswer
What is a double helix? In a DNA molecule a double helix is composed of two nucleotide chains or strands that are twisted around each other.
What is a nucleotide? A nucleotide in a nucleic-acid chain, is a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a deoxyribose? Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.
What are the base-pairing rules? The rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA.
What is a complementary base pair? A characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand is paired to the sequence of bases on the other strand.
What is DNA replication? The process of making a copy of DNA.
What is a DNA helicase? An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
What is a replication fork? A Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated.
What is a DNA polymerase? An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule.
What is a ribonucleic acid (RNA)? RNA is a nucleic acid-a molecule made of nucleotides linked together. RNA is a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.
What is a uracil? Uracil is one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of RNA; uracil pairs with adenine.
What is transcription? The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as template.
What is translation? The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
What is gene expression? The manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits.
What is an RNA polymerase? An enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template.
What is a messenger RNA (mRNA)? mRNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making a protein from a gene and delivers it to the site of translation.
What is a codon? The RNA instructions are written as a series of three-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA called codons. the three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal.
What is a genetic code? The amino acids "stop" and "start" sequence. How a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is a transfer RNA (tRNA)? tRNA are molecules that are single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end.
What is an anticodon? An anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
What are ribosomal RNA? Ribosomal RNA molecules are RNA molecules that are part of the structure of ribosomes.
Created by: cmetzg2
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