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Cells & Tissues
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Q: Where do you find type I collagen? | A: Type I collagen is ubiquitous; they are the largest fibers and are found everywhere. |
| Q: Where do you find type II collagen? | A: Type II collagen is found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage. |
| Q: Where do you find type III collagen? | A: Type III collagen is found in lymphoid organs; i.e. lymph nodes, spleen. |
| Q: Where do you find type IV collagen? | A: Type IV collagen is found in the basal lamina. |
| Q: What are the components of the extracellular matrix? | A: The ECM is made up us FIBERS and GROUND SUBSTANCES. |
| Q: What type of fibers are found in the ECM? | A: Within the ECM you can find collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. |
| Q: What makes up reticular fibers? | A: Reticular fibers are composed of type III collagen. |
| Q: What makes up elastic fibers? | A: Elastic fibers are composed of the protein elastin. |
| Q: What type of fibers are argyrophilic? | A: Reticular fibers are argyrophilic. They have a high affinity for silver stains. |
| Q: Where do you find cross-linked peptides, aka cross-bridges? | A: Cross-linked peptides are what provide extensibility to elastic fibers. |
| Q: What are the functions of the ECM? | A: The ECM serves as a reservoir for water, ions, nutrients, hormones, cell signaling molecules, etc: Also serves to maintain strength & rigidity of tissue; maintain shape of tissue; and as a medium through which nutrients & metabolic wastes are exchanged |
| Q: What is the ground substance composed of? | A: The ground substance is composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins. |
| Q: What is the function of the ground substance? | A: The ground substance is the glue that holds the ECM together. |
| Q: What is the structure of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)? | A: GAGs are linear polysaccharides formed of repeating disaccharides. |
| Q: Name three types of GAGs. | A: Uronic acid, hexosamine, hyaluronic acid. |
| Q: What is the structure of proteoglycans? | A: Proteoglycans are composed of many GAGs linked to a core protein. They have a high molecular weight but a low weight for their volume. They have a bottle brush appearance. |
| Q: Name four proteoglycans. | A: Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, karatan sulfate, heparan sulfate. The idea here is to recognize that they all end with "sulfate". |
| Q: What are the different types of adhesive glycoproteins? | A: The two types of adhesive glycoproteins are fibronectin and laminin. |
| Q: Are adhesive glycoproteins embedded in the cells? | A: No. Adhesive glycoproteins are not embedded within the cells. They attach to binding sites of cells. |
| Q: What is the function of fibronection? | A: The function of fibronectin is to bind cells to components of the ECM by providing binding sites for cells, collagen, and heparan. |
| Q: What is the function of laminin? | A: Synthesized by epithelial cells, laminin binds epithelia to components of the basal lamina by providing binding sites for type IV collagen and heparan. |
| Q: Are integrins part of the ECM? | A: No. Integrins are proteins embedded within the plasma membrane of cells. |
| Q: What is the function of integrins? | A: Integrins provide binding sites for components of the ECM: collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. They also bind with the actin cytoskeleton of the cell. |
| Q: What is the basal lamina? | A: The basal lamina is a specialized ECM attaching epithelia to connective tissue. The BL consists of type IV collagen and laminin. The BL can be thought of as a molecular sieve (small molecules can pass through). |
Created by:
SquallKing
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