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GHS Forensics 2
Physical Evidence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A type of fiber that is made from plants or animals is classified as | natural |
| Which term refers to a print found at a crime scene? | Latent print |
| Type of fiber that is man-made, such as nylon or rayon, is classified as: | synthetic |
| The bottom portion of a hair nearest the scalp in which DNA may be found is called the: | root |
| The _______ Principle states that with contact between two items, there will be an exchange. | Locard |
| What database can be used to find matches for DNA samples from a crime scene? | CODIS |
| The study of firearms and ammunition is called: | ballistics |
| What does the abbreviation GSR refer to? | Gunshot Residue |
| This type of analysis is the type that can be utilized or compared through unaided observation. | Visual |
| This type of evidence must be subjected to procedures such as DNA typing or drug screening. | Chemical |
| This type of evidence usually requires it to be matched to a control. | Comparison |
| Usually hair and fibers require this type of analysis because they require more than the human eye to be properly evaluated . | Microscopic |
| What has made the matching of printed documents nearly impossible? | Inkjet and laser printers |
| Document analysis primarily concentrates on: | handwritten documents |
| What do you commonly find along with broken glass? | Blood or fingerprints |
| Soil and other types of vegetative matter can be hard to match exactly-therefore when often used in court it is considered this type of evidence? | Circumstantial |
| This term means any chance or accidental impression left by friction ridge skin on a surface. | Latent Prints |
| What needs to be present on hair to provide DNA | Root or follicle tissue |
| What separates fibers from hair follicles? | Presence of DNA |
| A good analogy for a firearm would be: A fired bullet or spent cartridge may be matched to a weapon as well as this: | Paint to a car |
| This is very easy to detect from a gun or explosive : | Powder residue |
| This can help determine the origin and users of explosive and petroleum products. | Chemical Composition |
| The analysis of drugs for forensic science is: | an expensive task due to equipment and maintenance |
| Paint from a car can be identified | with 100% certainty |
| All body fluids, animal or human will be subjected to this type of analysis | Biochemical |
| This is the MOST common analysis of body fluids? | DNA Testing |
| The color, number of layers, chemical composition, or features of paint chips, are known as this and can be analyzed and used for matching evidence to a suspect. | individual characteristics |
| What are the characteristics of Glass that will be analyzed to determine its properties? | color, tint, thickness , density, chemical composition , refractive index (RI) |
| Usually an examination can determine the chemical composition of this: | Explosives |
| When looking at a gun barrel this causes distinctive marks on fired bullets. | Rifling |
| This is a database used for ballistic evidence. | The National Integrated Ballistics Identification System |
| When an object is broken, torn, or cut, two unique edges are formed. These can be compared to see if they fit and is known as this kind of evidence: | Fracture lines |
| All of the ways that impression evidence can be obtained: | photographed, lifted with tape, cast with plaster |
| These can help tell the size, as well as sometimes weight and walking patterns of a suspect or victim. | Shoe Prints |
| The use of these can help detect the post mortem interval: | Bugs |
| These might be left on a victim, assailant, or other object and can be matched to dental records for the identification of a victim or suspect. | Bite Marks |
| Tiny nicks and chips form on the edges of these devices as they are used, which can be used to identify matches between evidence and suspects. | Tool Marks |
| Blood, semen, saliva, sweat, and urine can be analyzed to provide information about the crime as well as its victim or the suspect. These are most easily detected by the use of : | Chemicals and UV light |
| This can be extracted from almost any tissue, hair, fingernails, bones, teeth, & body fluids. | DNA |
| This is an FBI database that is used to find matches to unknown DNA samples from a crime scene. | CODIS |
| All of the following are the 3 types of patterns found on fingerprints? | arches, loops and whorls |
| This is the Fingerprint Identification System database used by investigators to find fingerprints found at a crime scene. | AFIS |
| This landmark case was groundbreaking because it set the standard to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence. It provides that expert opinion based on a scientific technique is admissible only where the technique is generally accepted. | Frye vs. United States |
| In this Landmark case the U.S. Supreme Court changed the standard for admissibility of expert testimony determining a trial judge has a duty to scrutinize evidence more rigorously & determine whether it meets the requirements of Federal Rule of Evidence. | Daubert v. Merrell Dow |
| In the landmark case the Supreme Court ruled citizens are entitled to be told their rights before questioned. | Miranda v. Arizona |
| Type of characteristic that can be matched to a single source with a high degree of probability: | individual characteristics |
| Cannot be directly connected to one person or source but can reduce the number of suspects: | common characteristics |
| Samples from a known source that are used for bias or comparison: | reference samples |
| This provides documentation of every person who has come into contact with evidence and acts as a paper trail. | Chain of Custody |
| True or False? It is possible to show that a hair came from a specific person or animal. | True |
| True or False? Every single piece of evidence at a crime scene is considered significant until toughly examined? | True |
| True or False? Hairs can be examined to identify their origin, such as human or animal. | True |
| True or False? Hairs with roots intact can be tested for DNA. | True |
| True or False? Fibers are always synthetic. | False |
| True or False? Wounds can often be matched to weapons or tool marks on the weapon. | True |
| True or False? Investigators often find it impossible to determine a weapon's size, shape, and length from a wound. | False |
| True or False? Wounds can provides clues about a victim’s injuries, the suspect (left-handed, right-handed, height, etc.), and positions of the victim and suspect. | True |
| True or False? Soil evidence can always reveal where a person has traveled because the general chemical composition is extremely specific just like fingerprints. | False |
| True or False? Skeletal remains aren’t typically analyzed to determine a victim's sex or race. | False |
| True or False? Sex of a skeleton can usually be determined by examining the pelvis, humerus, and femur. | True |
Created by:
rseneta
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