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Microbiology set 4
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the main molecules that makeup proteins | C, H, O, N, S |
| What are the main molecules that makeup lipids | C, H, O, P |
| what are the main molecules that makeup carbohydrates | C, H, O |
| what are the main molecules that makeup Nucleic Acids | C, H, O, N, P |
| Autotrophs | CARBON SOURCE: CO2 sole or principle biosynthetic carbon source |
| heterotrophs | CARBON SOURCE: reduced, preformed, organic molecules from other organisms |
| Phototrophs | ENERGY SOURCE: light |
| Chemotrophs | ENERGY SOURCE: Oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds |
| Lithotrophs | ELECTRON SOURCE: reduced inorganic molecules |
| Organotrophs | ELECTRON SOURCE: Organic molecules |
| What is the Carbon source, Energy source, Electron source of PHOTOLITHOAUTOTROPH | Carbon Source: CO2 Energy Source: Light Electron Source: Inorganic donor |
| What is the Carbon source, Energy source, Electron source of PHOTOORGANOHETEROTROPH | Carbon Source: Organic Carbon Energy Source: light Electron Source: Organic Donor |
| What is the Carbon source, Energy source, Electron source of CHEMOLITHOAUTOTROPH | Carbon Source:CO2 Energy Source: Inorganic chemicals Electron Source: Inorganic donor |
| What is the Carbon source, Energy source, Electron source of CHEMOLITHOHETEROTROPH | Carbon Source: organic carbon Energy Source: inorganic chemicals Electron Source: inorganic donor |
| What is the Carbon source, Energy source, Electron source of CHEMOORGANOHETERTROPH | Carbon Source: organic carbon Energy Source: organic chemicals Electron Source: organic donor |
| function types of media | supportive enriched selective differential |
| selective media | make it in a way that only certain organisms can grow and the rest die. |
| Differential | this will have different characteristics that are shown (Mannitol Salt Agar) when certain types of organisms are grown. |
| reproductive strategies of eukaryotic microbes | asexual and sexual, haploid or diploid |
| reproductive strategies of bacteria archaea microbes | haploid only, asexual - binary fission, budding, filamentous all must replicate and segregate the genome prior to division |
| generation time | the time required for the number of cells in the population to double |
| what are two ways to synthesize new cell walls that bacteria do | septal region (such as in cocci) or over the entire surface of the cell (such as rods) |
| what is the percentage of new cell wall in the cocci | 50% since there is synthesis on the septal region half on one side and half new on the other cell. |
| what is the percentage of new cell wall in bacteria rods | 50% but the dispersal is all over the surface. |
| Z ring formation | The Z-ring forms from smaller subunits of FtsZ filaments. These filaments may pull on each other and tighten to divide the cell |
| FtsZ | FtsZ is the first protein to move to the division site, and is essential for recruiting other proteins that produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Tubulin homologue |
| cell growth refers to | to population growth rather than growth of individual cells. |
| increase in cellular constitutes may result from | increase in cell number or/and cell size |
| how can you measure cell growth? | you can count the colonies and organisms measure density by absorbance measure the diff of nutrients before and after incubation |
| what are the phases of cell growth curve | Lag phase exponential (log) phase stationary phase death phase |
| exponential phase | nutrients are taken up as fast as they can growth is inclining |
| stationary phase | nutrients are depleting space is running out build up of waste products that would inhibit growth |
| death phase | to many waste products nutrients are all used |
| cell growth curve | log number of viable cells versus time |
| trophs | can tolerate/survive certain conditions |
| philes | love their conditions |
| list the 5 different names temperature tolerances in bacteria in order | psychrophiles psychrotrophs mesophiles thermophiles hyperthermophiles |
| how can you separate two organisms that have different temp tolerances | you could lower/increase the temp to kill one microbe while providing desired temps for the microbe desired |
| what are the difference that allow microbes live in certain conditions | cell wall proteins membranes |
| what are the main factors that effect growth of microbes | temp moisture nutrients pH oxygen chemical inhibitors |
| areobe | grows in the presence of atmospheric oxygen (O2) which is 20% O2 |
| obligate aerobe | requires O2 |
| anaerobe | grows in the absence of O2 |
| obligate anaerobe | usually is killed in the presence of O2 |
| microaerophiles | requires 2-10% (not to much but some) |
| faculative anaerobes | do not require O2 but grow better in its presence can deal with a certain amount of oxygen but do not need it. |
| aerotolerant anaerobes | grow with or without O2 |
| which is the most efficient type -erobe | aerobes and faculative anaerobes in oxygen will be more efficient because the presence of oxygen there is more energy avaliable |
| osmotolerant | able to grow over wide ranges of water activity or osmotic concentration |
| halophile | requires high levels of sodium chloride |
| acidophile | likes pH 0-5.5 |
| neutrophile | likes pH 5.5-8.0 |
| alkalophile | likes 8.0-11.5 |
| Psychorophile | 15 or less |
| psychotroph | 20-30 |
| mesophile | 20-45 |
| thermophile | 55-65 |
| hyperthermophile | 85-113 |
| barophile | grows better at high hydrostatic pressures |
| abiotic surfaces | immersed in liquid tent to attract and concentrate nutrients |
| biotic sufaces | such as plants or animals are usually a source of nutrients |
| biofilm formation | formed when microorganisms attach to and grow ona surface of biotic or abiotic surfaces |
| what cellular structures are responsable for the attachement | falgella or fimbirae |
| what makes a biofilm attachment irreversible? | exopolymer |
| steps in biofilm formation | attachment, growth, dispersal |
| mixococcus | signal to each other how to grow |
| Quorum Sensing | type of regulatory process that ensures there is a sufficient cell density before a specific gene product is made. Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population |
Created by:
kort
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