Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
micro lab exam 1
labs 1-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lab safety: universal chemical diamond: what does the blue diamond mean; red diamond; yellow diamond; white diamond | health hazard; flammable; capable of reacting with other substances; spceial notice |
| lab safety: how long should you flush your eyes if you get chemicals in them; eahc time you enter lab what should you do | for 15 minutes; disinfect the table |
| sterilization: what is the purpose; what are the 3 procedures used to sterilize; | to destroy microbes that may contaminate materials used in the lab; autoclave, dry heat and flitration; |
| sterilization: autoclave- def; steam is under how many pounds per square inch of pressure; why does the steam have to be under this pressure; how long is it in there | this creates moist heat at temps high enough to kill endospores; 15; it creates the needed temp of 121 degrees celsius; about 45 minutes |
| sterilization: autoclave- what substances cannot be sterilized by steam; | paraffin, mineral oil or petroleum jelly; |
| aseptic transfer of bacteria: def of aseptic technique; how should tube be labeled; what shouldbe done with sample tube first; how should loop be held; what should be sterilized 1st; with loop in dominent hand where should culture tube be help; | this inculates culture media with specific bacteria without introducing contaminating microbes;organisms name, date and your name; vortex; like a pencil; the loop; non-dominent hand |
| aseptic transfer of bacteria: cap of culture tube should be pulled off by what hand; before retrieving culture from tube what must be done to tube; after culture is retrieved from tube what should be done; after inoculating a medium what is last step | dominent; sterilize the mouth of tube; sterilize mouth of tube; flame loop and shut of gas |
| transferring broth onto an agar slant: how should it be inoculated | gently move the loop back and forth over agar surface from bottom to top |
| transferring a bacterial colony onto agar plate: first you should select what type of colony; when retrieving isolated colony with loop how should lid be lifted; | an isolated one write a number under plate; just enough to pick up the colony |
| inoculating agar using stab technique: what shouls be used a loop or a needle; how should agar be stabbed | needle; stab it deep into the center about 2/3 deep; |
| bacterial shapes: what is shape of coccus; what is shape of bacillus; what is shape of caccobacillus; what is shape of virio; what is shape of spirillum; what is shape spirochete | spherical; rod; short and plump; gently curved; helical, comma or twised rod; spring like; |
| spirilla: rigid helix:what is mode of locomotion; how many flagemmum can they have; what is gram stain; | polar flagella, the swim around like a carkscrew; one or more; negative |
| spirilla: flexible helix- mode of locomotion; how many flagella can it have; gram stain | periplasmic flagella within sheath. cells flex, it creeps; 2-100; negative |
| bacterial shapes, arrangements: arrangement of cells depends on what; | the pattern of division and how cells remain attached after division; |
| bacterial shapes, arrangements: cocci- def . . diplococci; tretrad; sarcina; streptococci; | pair; group of four; cubical packets; in a chain |
| bacterial shapes, arrangements: bacilli- def . . diplobaccilli; streptobaccili; | pairs ; chains |
| microscope: how should it be carried; what should be used to clean ocular and objective lenses;how do you adjuct light intensitiy; what is fine focus knob used should; | with both hands; lens paper; by moving the diaphragm lever until the image has best background;to sharpen the image |
| microscope: once you have finished observing with 10x objective what can be done next; what knob should not be unsed in 40x; what lens is oil immersion; what is used to remove oil from the 100x objective; | observe with 40x; the course adjustment knob; 100x; lens paper |
| microscope: as magnification increases what else must be increased; | light intensity; |
| staining bacteria: why must a specimen be air dried; how do you do a bacterial smear; what should first be placed on slide; what is placed on slide after water; | to prevent cells from washing off in the staining process; by spreading the specimen into at thin film on a clean slide; drop of distilled water; specimen |
| staining bacteria: smear has to air dry before what; how to heat fix; | heat fixing specimen to the slide; palce slide through flame 3 times smear side up; |
| scientific method: what does one temp to do in the method; what are 7 components; | to derive accurate conclusions from impartial analysis of the facts; problem, hypothesis, materials listed, methods listed, data, discussion; |
| scientific method: problem- what is the problem; always begin with ___ | what needs to be determined; if. .. ; |
| scientific method: after problem formulated what must be collected; what is hypothesis; | data; this is stating a solution to the problem using active voice- begin with if then statement; |
| scientific method: what are methods; what is the data; what is the discussion | the list of processes used; a detailed account of experiemental and observation results; a detaield summary of data collected, explanation of results- does not matter if they fit into hypothesis; |
| scientific method: conclusion- how many parts; what is part one; what is part 2; what is part 3; | 3; restating the hypothesis; summaru of findings and insights gained; state whether or not conclusions support or refuted hypothesis |
| scientific method: refrain from using what word; state __ only | I; facts |
| def of ubiquitousness of microbes | they are found in all natural habitats, anywhere and everywhere |
| most microbes we will study fall between what size | 100 micrometers and 10 nanometers |
| def of abiogenesis; def biogenesis | spontanious generation; living things arise only from living things of same kind; |
| scientific method: what is deductive approach; | most common way scientists use scientific method; |
| what is a theory | a collection of statements, posistions or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event |
| binomial system of nomenclature: def; what are the categories from least to most specific | a method to assign a scientific name to an organism; domain, kingdom, phylum/divsion, class, order, family, genus, species; |
| binomial system of nomenclature: scientific name- aka; made up of how many names; what are the 2 names; species is aka'; | binomial name; 2; the genus and species; epithet; |
| writing scientific name: what is always capitalized; what name is lower cased; when dothe not have to be underlined; what do you write if epithet is no known; when can abrevs be used | the 1st letter of the genus; 1st letter of the epithet; if they are italisized; sp. for species; once full name (genus and species is known), only genus can be abrev. |
| microscope: what is the high dry objective; def of parfocal; what is acanning objective; what do you use to clean oil off slide; | the 40x;an object in view under low power should still be in view under high power with only minor adjustments needed with fine adjustment knob; 4x objective; kimwipe for coverslip and bibulois paper for one without slip |
| wet mounts: why are they used in the medical settings; will reducing the light or increasing the light make the specimen clearer; how to do it | to observe such things as urine specimens each; reducing the light; specimen placed on slide then coverslip on top of that |
| vortex mixer: how do you do this | hold tube tightly and hold tube top, press down ony mixer for about 5 seconds; |
| what is the purphose of a nutrient medium; def of inoculation; what are the 5 I's of sampling; | this provides an environment in which most organisms can multiply; any instrument used for sampling; inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification; |
| streak plate method: how is the sample spread; what is purpose; | in 4 quadrants with inoculating loop; this will gradually thin out the sample and spreads cells over plate; |
| liquid medium: def; aka; does nutrient broth contain; | water based soultions that do not solidify at room temp and flow freely; broths; beef extract and eptone |
| semi solid mediums- what is its consistency; usees; ex | clot like; to determine the motility of bacteria; SIM |
| solid media: why is the firm substance useful; what are the 2 forms;how do liquifiable solid medias work; most used; def of agar; | it provides area for discrete colonies to form; liquifiable and non-liquifiable; they contain a solidifying agent that changes its physical properties in response to temp; agar; a polysaccharide isolated from the red alga gelidium |
| agar: solid when; melts when; why is agar good that it is nondigestable; def nutrient agar; | room temp; at boiling; it will not be a nutrient for the microbe.; 1.5% agar beef extract and peptone |
| gelatin: what is main drawback; | it can be digested by microbes and melts ar room temp |
| nonliquifiable solds: why are they less versatile then agar; ex | b/c they do not melt; rice grains, cooked meat, potatoslices |
| negative staining: purpose; what dye is used; is nigrosin acid or basic; first what is placed on slide; what is placed on slide after nigrosin; what is mixed; what is done last; is it best to have lots or a little light | this thecnique enables you to see unstained bacteria or yeast on a stained backrground; nigrosin; acidic; 1 drop nigrosin; specimen; specimen and nigrosin; coverslip placed on top of it; lots |
| positive staining: def; basic dyes are made up of what; the positively charged dye binds to what; what dye is used methylene blue; what is done prior to using dye | one dye is applied to the prep. of the cells; positively charged particles; the negatively charged cytoplasm of the cells; specimen is air dried w/ water and heat fixed; |
| what is the 3 functions to heat fix bacteria to slide | it kills the microbes, adheres them to the slide and increases the absorbtion of the dye by the microbe |
| positive staining: how many drops of methylene blue are used; how long is dye on specimen before it is rinsed off; | 3; 1 minute; |
| what is a larger cell eukaryotes or prokaryotes | eukaryotes |
| when using wet mount should light be increased or decreased to view contrast | decreased |
| simple stains involve how many stains | one |
| acidic stains will stain ___; basic stains will stain ___ | background; the specimen |
| microscpocy: what kind do we use; what specimens can a brightfield see; what specimens used for darkfield; | a brightfield; stained unstrained bacteria living or nonliving; living and unstained the organism appears bright; |
| microscpocy: what can you see in fluorescent; what can you see in phase contrast; what can you see on electron | they will be bright and colorful b/c of the flourescent dye non living; varying degrees of darkness living cells; bright on a flourescent screen non living cells |
| cyanobaceria: what did they used to be considered; gram stain; are they prokaryote or eukaryote; oldest what; why are the photosynthetic pigments inmportant in he membranes | blue green algea for many years and were grouped with eukaryotic algea; negative; prokaryote; bacteria; this increases the surface area for photosynthesis |
| microscope: what will give a shrper image to specimen; what does iris diaphragm do; what are the mags of the 4 objective lenses; what knob is used to adjuct distane of objective lens to slide; | condenser; it is below stage and used to vary size and shape of light cone; 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x; course objective knob; |
| what microscope is best to show morphology of spirochetes; what one is best to show morphology of most bacterua | darkfield; brightfield |
| negative staining: why do the cells themselves not stain; | since dye is negative it is repelled off the negative surface of the cells; |
| negative and positive/basic staining: what one uses heat fixation; what one uses cationic dye; what one uses anionic dye; the positively charged dye attracts to the negatively charge cellular component and cells are stained | both; basic; negative; basic; |
| negative and positive/basic staining: negative charged dye is repelled by the net negative charge of the cellular components cells are unstained; | negative; |
| types of stains: nigrosin- is it cationic or anionic; is net charge + or -; is background or cells dyed | anionic; negative; yes |
| types of stains: methylene blue- is it cationic or anionic; is net charge + or -; is background or cells dyed | cationic; positive; no |
| types of stains: crystal violet- is it cationic or anionic; is net charge + or -; is background or cells dyed | cationic; positive; no |
| types of stains: safranin- is it cationic or anionic; is net charge + or -; is background or cells dyed | cationic; positive; no |
| def of glycocalyx; location; what is the loose layer; what is the tight layer; | a coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall; serves as protection, adhesive and receptor functions; exterior to cell wall of bacterium; slime layer; capsule |
| def of cell wall; | a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell; |
| def of cell membrane: | sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell |
| def of pleomorphism | when cells of a single species vary to some extent in shape and size |
| why is glycocalyx important in the formation of biofilms | the coating joins with other bacteria,waste to form a complex layer the adheres to surfaces |
| streak plate isolation technique: purpose; what quadrant does initial specimen application placed; innetween each quadrant what should be done; loop should never leave __ when diluting quardrant | a dilution technique to isolate bacteria on an agar medium; quad A; flame and sterilize needle; agar; |
| methods to determine motility: name the 3; give example of agar deep; how does haning drop show motility; how does flagella stain show motility; how does agar deep show motility | hanging drop, flagella stain, use of agar deep; SIM medium; live bacteria can move freely; nonviable cells stained to highlight flagella; semi solid medium shows motile bacteria produce turbid area |
| def of turbid | cloudy |
| most bacteria move by what means; def monotrichous; def amphitrichous; def lophotrichous; def peritrichous | flegellum; only one flagella; one flagella at each pole; many flagella at only one pole; flagella all over cell |
| the direction of ___ of the flagellum determines what | rotation |
| what is the motility mechanism that shows movement ontop of surface with out the use of flagella | gliding mechanism |
| brownian motion: what is it ; what will movement look like | bacterial is not motile and it is because of random molecule bombardment from cells ; these cells are not motile; erratic, shaking, nondirectional movements; |
| gram stain: who developed it; def ; gram + stains what colar; gram - stains what color; what are diadvantages of it; | hans christian gram in 1884; a differential staining technique used to separate bacteria into 2 groups gram pos. and gram neg.; purple blue; pink red; variable staining patterns, age of culture can influence results, non living; some cells wont stain |
| streak plate technique: what should be drawn; quadrant A should take up how much of the surface; | a t on plate; 1/5th; |
| def of differential stain; what is 1st stain called; what is 2nd stain called; | using 2 or more different colored dyes to distinguish between cell types or parts; primary; counterstain; |
| capsule specialty stain: purpose; prepare smear of bacteria in __ dye - this is like __ staining technique; after smear air dries what is done next; take second slide and do what with it; | tp view bacterial capsule or slime layers; nigrosin - negative; the smear is covered w/ safranin; move is across dye to smooth it out and then allow to air dry |
| gram stain: the groups are separated based on the thickness of what; first what is done; | the cell wall; air dry and heat fixation; |
| gram staining: what are 4 substances used; what is put on smear first; how long is crystal violet on slide; what is on smear after crystal violet; how long is gram's iodine on smear; | cyrstal violet, gram's iodine, 95% ethanol, safranin; crystal violet; 20 seconds; gram's iodine; 1 min |
| gram stain: what is on after grams iodine; ethanol is on for how many seconds ; what is on smear after ethanol; how mong is safranin on; gram stain is what type of stain; | 95% ethanol; 15; safranin; 1 minute; acid fast stain |
| def of acid fast stain | differentiates acid fast bacteria (pink) from non-acid-fast bacteria (blue) |
| before an organism is to be studied it has to be __ cultured | pure |
| macconkey agar: purpose; why is it selective; why is it differential | tp detect and differentiate among gram-negative enteric bacilli based on their ability to grow and ferment lactose; gram + bacteria cannot grow; b/c lactose is added to medium |
| macconkey agar: bacteria that utilizes lactose will have what color colonies; why are the colonies that color; | pinkb/c of the pH indicator in the medium |
| motility: the tunble motion is called what; when an organism moves in a straight line what is that called; | tumble/widdle; run; |
| methods for motility: agar deep (SIM)- when looking at stab line what will nonmotile bacterial look like; what will motile bacteria look like; | they will stay near the stab line; they will move throughout medium |
| SIM: what are the 3 tests used | sufide production, iodine production and motility |
| isolated colonies on agar plate: for each colony what will be described; | size, color, whole colony surface, elevation and margin |
| name the types of biochemical tests | lactose and glucose broths, SIM medium, urea broth, citrate slant |
| gram stain: what happens is iodine is not added to stain; what is decolorizer is not added; what is safranin is not added; | gram + the dye crystals will not trap dye inside the cell and gram - no change would accur; no change in gram + and gram- outer membrane will not weaken and cell will not lose dye; no change in gram+ and gram - the colorless cells will not be stained with |
| gram stains: what happens if there is a reversal of crystal violet and safranin | the gram + will "look" gram + and visa versa |
| why is gram stain a differential test | b/c the stains reveal a difference in th cell wall structure of the gram + and grma- cells |
| why is a hanging drop technique better than a wet mount for motility- | b/c it allows for a large fluid environment so that those cells that are motile are not impeded in this environment and motilirty can easily be seen |
| name 3 structures that can enhance a bacterias ability to cause disease | capsule, slime layer, endospores |
| is ataph aureus positive od negative | postive |
| how do you determine is sterilization has happened after autoclaving- | it will show up in with an enzyme? |
| describing a colony: what are sizes; what is whole colony; what is margin | small medium large; describe the colony as a whole; refers to outer edge of each colony |
| def of flocculent | small particles are suspended when you gently swirl the broth |
| induced mutation in bacteria: def of mutation; how is serratia marcescens mutated; how is the DNa structure changed; | a change the alters the bacterial chromosomes; by exposing it to UV light; this limits the ability of the organism to produce a red pigment; by introducing thymine dimers |
| def of a mixed culture | has one or mor microbe in it |
| what is purpose of flow chart | give you procedural choices based on test results |
| carb fermentation tunes: they contain either of what 2 carbs; what is the pH indicator in it; what happens if fermentation occurs; what happens to PH when acids are produced; lowering pH turns solution what color; what is durnam tube; what shows gas | glucose, lactose; phenol red; acids are produced; this lowers pH; yellow; used to trap gases; they will be trapped in tube |
| urea broth: what is the pH indicator; if enzyme is produced by organism what happens to urea; what is name of enzyme; what increases the pH; increased pH changed what; so if pH increased color will change from __ to __; | phenol red; it is digested to ammonia and gas; urease; amonia; the pH indicator dye; salmon colored to rose/dark pink |
| citrate slant: what is pH indicator; if organism uses citrate as sole carbon source then does pH increase or decrease; if pH is elevated color changes from a ___ color to a ___ | bromothymol blue; increase; green to colbot blue |
| SIM medium: hydrogen sulfide production- some organisms prodcue enzymes that do what to amino acids; when the amino acids are hydrolyzed whatis it broken down into; the hydrogen sulfide combines with iron in medium to produce what; lead sulfide is _ color | hydrolyse; alanine and hyodrgen sulfide; lead sulfide; it turns medium black |
| SIm medium: indole production- indole is produced from what enzyme; tryptophanase breaks down tryptophan in medium into __; what reagent is added to medium; kovacs shows what; what is quinoidal | tryptophanase from organism; indole, pyruvic acid and ammonia; kavacs; that is indole is present then it produces quinoidal; a red compound |
| sim medium: what is m for; if cloudy what does that mean | motility; that organism is positive for flagella |
| def of enriched medium; give example | contains complex organic substances that species need in order to grow; blood oagar |
| what does mannitol salt agar have in it; is it selective or differencial; what is sodium chloride for; what is mannitol for; what is phenol red for; | sodium chloride, d-mannitol, phenol red and agar; both; inhibits human pathogens except staphlococcus; a sugar that can be converted to an acid; changes color with changein pH |
| def of recombination | loss of base pairs, addition or rearrangment, when one bacteria donates DNA to another and it is a genetic transfer |
| def of plasmid ; are they essential for cell growth | an extra chromosomal unit that are double stranded it replicated independantly of cells chromosomes; no |
| def of spontaneous mutation | a random change in the DNA from errors in replication with out knowing the cause |
| def of induced mutation | from exposure to a known mutagen which are primarily physical and chemical agents |
| ames test: def ; | a rapid screen system where the mutant bacteria can be observed based on if a chemical causes a mutation; |
| how to maintain stock culture: what is a reserve stock culture; what is a working stock culture | a slant culture stored in refridgerator - a new one should be prepared each month; used for daily work, after several days a new one should be made from the reserve stock culture |
| Macconkey agar: what is the purpose of using this ; how is it selective; what stops to growth of gram pos. bacteria | to detect differentiate among gram - bacteria and their ability to grow and ferment lactose; gram positive bacteria cannot grom; it is inhibited by crystal violet and bile salts; |
| Macconkey agar: how is it differential; how do lactose fermenting bacteria look different then non lactose fermenting bacteria; why do the colonies turn red; | lactose is added; the color of their colonies will be pink or red; because their is a pH indicator in the medium and when pH drops it turns red |
| serratia marcescens: what kind of colonies does this organism produce at 30 degrees C in the dark; UV light causes some to lose their ability to form what; why does it lose ability to form red pigment; | red colonies; red pigment; b/c of the formation of one or more thmine dimers in the DNA strand of bacteria |
| serratia marcescens: with increased exposure to UV light what happens; why does the colony numbers decrease; when the nutation causes the organism to die what is this called; | the colony numbers decrease; the DNA contains too many mutations for organism to sruvivine; a lethal mutation |
| serratia marcescens: after UV exposure why are plates incubated int the dark; | to allow for pigment productions and to repair DNA through enzymes; |
| when is are colonies TNTC on an agar plate; | when there are more then 75 |
| what is responsible for the biochemical activities that take place in a bacteria | enzyme reactions |
| the endproduct of enzymatic reactions often cause what changes in media | color changes |
| carbohydrate fermentation: what is fermentation; what are the end products; what changes occur when acids are produced; the pH change causes red to turn to what color; | an aneorobic process by which the bacterium enzymatically breaks down a car into end products; acid or gas; a pH change; yellow; |
| carbohydrate fermentation: if gas formation occurs what change will take place; how should results be recorded | a bubble in the durham tube; A= acid, G=gas - = no reaction |
| SIM medium- indole production- what is in Kovac's reactant | amyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde; |
| a bacteria is motile if it has what | one or more flegellum |
| citrate utilization test: this determines the organisms ability to use what as its sole carbon source; in most bacteria citrate is produced as what; acetyle coenzyme a reacts with what to start the krebs cycle; what is positive test; what is negative one; | citrate; acetyl coenzyme A; oxaloacetate; blue citrate slant; green citrate slant |
| urea digestion: urea is the end product of what; if urea is catabolized what will be produced; does ammonia raise or lower the pH of the medium; raising the pH of the medium causes what change; what does it mean if the color is peach; | protein metabolism; ammonia and CO2; raise; the dyle will be dark pink or purple; no digestion has occured |
| swab technique: first what is the swab moistened with; after moistened what is to be collected; after sample is collected what is done next; after swab inoculated quad A what is done; | nutrient broth; a sample from the environment; the swab inoculates the specimen to quadrant A; aseptic technique to streak plate the specimen out; |
| RODAC technique: what is a RODAC plate; why does the plate have a grid; how do you collect a sample; | an environmental sampling plate; the help identify placemnt of growth on he plate of nutrient agar; remove the lid and place agar side down on surface and them pick up |
| is carbohydrate fermentation and anaerobic or aerobic process | anaerobic |
| the results frfom biochemical tests may allow you to identify a bacterium to what level | the genus or species level |
| def of mycology | the study of fungi (yeasts and molds) |
| molds: what special agar plate is used to cultivate fungi; what is a colony of mold called; what is more than one colony of mold called; what gives the colony its fuzzy look; | a sabouraud dextrose plate; mycelium; mycelia; the filaments; |
| molds: what is the name for the fuzzy filaments; hyphae are interwoven to form what; | hyphae ad singular hypha; mycelium (ie mold conoly) |
| sabouraud dextrose agar: aka; it has an uncreased what concentration compaired to bacteria; is the plate acidic or basic; the acidic pH discourage what to grow; why does it discourage bacteria to grow | SDA; glucose; acidic; bacteria; b/c bacteria likes a neutral pH |
| mycelium: def; what are the two types of hyphae; | a mold conly made up of hyphae; septated and aseptated; singular filament |
| septaed hypha- mold: def; what is a septa; the porous wall contains what; the pores allow for what | singular multicellular filament divided by septa; a porous wall; pores; nuclei and other structures to move from one cell to another |
| aseptated hypha: def; structures of cells are able to move how; are the unicellular or multicellular | it lacks porous septa between the cells; freely throughout the hypha; multicellular |
| mycelium- aerial hyphae: def; | mycelium extending above the agar medium |
| mycelium- vegatative hyphae- def | mycelium anchored and sometimes growing into the agar medium |
| asexual reproduction- what does it use to produce asexual mold spores; def of fruiting bodies; spores germinate to form new what eventually; asexual production is important why; | fruting bodies; specialized extensions of aerial hyphae; hypha and mycelium; a way for he organism to survive; |
| mold colony: when asked to describe the colony characteristics what should be described; | size, shape, color and elevation; |
| yeast-asexual reproduction- cells become swollen where; what develops from the parent cell; once the bud is developed what happens ; what happens to parent cell at the release site; the scarring prevents what | at one end; a bud or blastospore; it breaks free; it is scarred; further reproduction at that site |
| health issues of mold: who is at risk | ppl with weak immune systems, infants elderly, chronically ill; |
| mold spores are light and this can cause them to do what | disseminate rapidly into a an environment |
| mold and yeast are eukaryotic or prokaryotic | eukaryotes |
| molds are higher forms of what | fungi |
| molds: what common disease can it cause; what mold can produce an antibiotic | ringworm; penicillum notatum (procuces penicillin) |
| molds: how are they transfers the SDA plate; how long is it incubated | use a inoculating needle and stab the agar; 3-5 days are 35 degrees C |
| yeasts- how are they tranferred to a SDA plate; how long is it incubated | do a streak plate isolation technique like you would do for bacteria; 2-3 days at 25 degrees C |
| mycelium: this is a interwined what; this also forms what | hyphae; a mold colony; |
| molds: the color of the media is created by what; | the spores |
| slide culture technique: what is used to cut a cube or SDA culture; the cube is then set where; the mold culture is then incoluated with what; what is added around the sample | scapal; on center of the slide inside the petri dish; inculating needle and all four sides or agar are scored; sterile water |
| tape prep tech: mold- use tape to do what; tapes is then placed where; what stain is used | touch sticky side to mold; over stained slide; lactophenol cotton blue; |
| yeast: are they larger or smaller then bacteria; what is the most common pathogenic yeast; what yeasts are benificial; | larger; candida albicans; alcohol fermenters |
| do you need to increase or decrease the amount of light when viewing an unstained specimen | decrease |
| protozoan: where are the often found; they are classified according to what; | pond water; the structures they have for motility; |
| protozoans: euglena sp: causes what | nothing it is nonpathogenic |
| protozoans: trichomonas vaginalis- what does it cause; | a pathogen to the human urogenital tract and causes STD vaginitis |
| what 2 preparations are used to observe mold microscopically | slide culture and tape |
| what fungi is unicellular; what fungi is multicellular | yeasts; molds |
| mold: what type of mold is aspergillos sp.; what type of mold is penicillin sp.; what type of mold is rhizoid sp | conidiophore; septatted conidiophore; sporangiophore |
| candida sp: s/s, transmission; diagnoised how; Tx; prevention; | re vaginal and/or vulvar itching (pruritus), or even a vulvar burning sensation; common for reproductive age women, women wearing panty hose; culture; antifungals, doucing , |
| trichomonas: s/s, transmission; diagnoised how; Tx; prevention; | vulval itching, odor, discomfort with intercourse, swelling of labia; STI; pap swear, red blotchy on vaginal wall; metronidazole; protected sex |
| where would you expect to collect- tinea barae; thrush; cryptococcosis; toxoplasmosis; blastomycosis | skin; mucous membrane of mouth; sputum culture; sputum, brain biopsy; skin biopsy and sputum culture |
| protozoa: what are the 4 clasess; what is a pathogenic one | sporozoa, flagellate protozoa, ciliate protozoa and amoebae; trichomonas sp. (causes vaginitis) |
| fommite: def; | an inanimate object capable of transmitting an infectious agent from one individual to another; |
| indigenous flora: location; they help inhibit what; variabilitiy occurs with what; def of transient flora; | skin, eyes, nose, mouth, pharynx, lower urethra, instestines; pathogen colonization; transient flora; organisms picked up through out the day; |
| swab culture: what temp is preferred; what specimens are used; how to collect throat; | room, throat, wound, vaginal; aseptic from lateral sides of back of oropharynx; |
| blood culture collection: when is it done ; def of septicemia; | when septicemia is suspected; infection of the blood; |
| CSF collection: stat procedure for Dx of what; collects where in adult; what position does patient lie in; what is tube one for; tube 2 for; tube 3 for | bacterial meningitis, csf prssure, injection of chemicals; L3 and L%; fetal ; chemsitry; microbiology; hematology |
| urine specimen: when and how long can specimen be fridgerated; what speciment is preferred; | up to 24 hours; first morning; |
| fecal specimens: what does shigella sp. use; | a rectal swab; |
| the human skin and MM are only sterile when | when a babe is in the whomb |
| CSF: is it refridgerated; is fecal refridgerated; is vaginal refridgerated; | no; no; no; |
| def of experimental variable; ex | one that can be manipulated during the experiment pruposefully; temp urine is held |
| def of a control variable; ex | one that could change but is not allowed to; same person doing colony count plate for best accuracy |
| respiratory cultures must remain moist why | to ansure the accuracy of culture results |
| nutrient agar: if an organism requires ___ it may not be able to grow on this; why is agar added to this; agar is derived from what; where was this first used; | nutrient; it is a solidifying agent; seewead; in canning; |
| sheep agar: what type of medium is it; what is in it; what does it supprot better b/c of the addition of RBCs; | enriched; nutrient agar plus sheep blood; iron'; |
| MacConkey agar: what type of medium; there are growth ___ & ___ ; what is it selecting for; what does it inhibit; | seletive and differential; inhibitors and stimulates; non-fastidious gram - bacilli; gram positive bacteria and fastidious gram - bacilli |
| MacConkey agar: how is it differential; what carb is in it; what is the pH dye; if the organism ferments lactose what happens; | it only grows up lactose fermenting organisms ; lactose; neutral red; the nautral red becoems dark pink b/c of the release of acids |
| MacConkey agar: what if the organism is not a lactose fermenter; | the colonies remain transluscent |
| SDA agar: what is full name; what type of medium is it; why is it enriched; how is it selective; | sabouraud dextrose agar; it is enriched and selective; b/c it has extra dextrose; acidic pH to grow up the molds and yeasts; |
| nutrient agar slant: what is it; why is it useful; | it is same as the nutrient agar plate, but it is developed in a slant; b/c it can be used for long term storage; |
| nutrient broth: what is the difference compared to nutrient agar palte; what is a disatvantage; | it does not have agar; one will not be able to tell if there are pure cultures; |
| carbohydrate broths: what are the the 2 we have used; what info does this give us about the organism; when acids are produced what happens; | lactose and glucose; if the organism utilizes the carb gas is released and produced of acids; there is a color change |
| gram stain: what is the primary stain; is the crystal violet basic or negative; what net charge does crystal violet have; what does the mordant do; what is the decolorant; | crystal violeet; basic; positive; it forms a complex with crystal violet and is retained in the gram positive cell wall; ethol alcohol; |
| gram stain: what does the decolorant do; what is the counter stain; what does saffranin do; color of gram +; color of gram - | it removes the crystal violet and gram's iodine from gram negative bacteria; safranin; stains gram -; blue; red |
| methalyne blue: is it basic or negative; does it stain the cell or the background; what is the advatage; what is the disadvantage; | basic; cell; the morphology can be see; the cell has been chemically altered and it has been modified through a heating process; |
| what is the advantage of heat fixation; | |
| gram stain: what is the primary stain; is the crystal violet basic or negative; what net charge does crystal violet have; what does the mordant do; what is the decolorant; | crystal violeet; basic; positive; it forms a complex with crystal violet and is retained in the gram positive cell wall; ethol alcohol; |
| gram stain: what does the decolorant do; what is the counter stain; what does saffranin do; color of gram +; color of gram - | it removes the crystal violet and gram's iodine from gram negative bacteria; safranin; stains gram -; blue; red |
| methalyne blue: is it basic or negative; does it stain the cell or the background; what is the advatage; what is the disadvantage; | basic; cell; the morphology can be see; the cell has been chemically altered and it has been modified through a heating process; |
| what is the advantage of heat fixation; what is the role of bibulous paper | kils organism, adheres it to the slide and; blotting paper to remove excess stain; |
| microscopes: what one is best for morphology of spirochetes; of bacteria; what one offers highest magnification; | darkfield; brightfield; transmission electron; |
| gram stain: when the mordant is added to the crystal violet what is this reaction called; why is it a differential test | the crystal violet iodine compolex; b/c it distinguishes from gram positive and negative cells; |
| trotzoan trichomonas vaginalis: what disease does it cause; who does it affect; how is it transmitted; | trichomoniasis; sexually active men and women; male to female, female to female, femal to male |
| if a physician wants to know in 2 hours if a specimen is mixed or pure what technique should be used | gram stain- fast, shows if it is mixed and shows different morphologies; |
| movement: def amphitrichous; lophotrichous; monotrichous; peritrichous | flagella at both poles; many flagella at one pole; one flagella at one pole; flagella everywhere |
| how does a pili cause disease | the organism can attach to our tissue |
| def of recombination | results in combining from 2 sources in the cell; |
| what is the diff between mold and bacterial spores | mold spores are a form of asexual reproduction for the organism and are not very resistant to drying heat, cold and chemicals; bacterial spores are the protective stage in some bacterial not the reproductive stage and they are very resistant |
Created by:
jmkettel
Popular Biology sets