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Fundamentals of Bio
Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of life. |
| Cell Theory | Every living organism contains at least 1 cell |
| Isotopes | Forms of an element that differ in mass. (Belong to the same element because the number of protons are the same.) |
| Protons | Subatomic particles |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms bonded together (ex.O2, H2) |
| Compound | A molecule that consist of 2 or more atoms belonging to more than 1 element. (ex.NaCc, H2O) |
| Valence Electrons | (Electrons in the outermost shell) Determine what type and how many bonds are formed between the atoms. |
| Covalent Bond | Forms when 2 Atoms share a pair of electrons (one from each atom) |
| Non Polar Covalent Bond | When electrons are shared equally between the atoms, *the molecule is not polarized |
| Polar Covalent Bond | When electrons are shared unequally between the atoms. * The molecule is polarized. |
| Electronegativity | Describes the attraction of an element towards the valence electrons of another element |
| Ionic Bond | The attraction between oppositely charged ions. (When elements don't share electrons anymore b/c of extreme electron negativities ) |
| Hydrogen Bond | A consequence of polarized molecules. |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space has mass. *Found in 3 physical states: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. |
| CHONPS | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| Atom | Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. |
| Nucleus | The atom's central core |
| Mass Number | The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. |
| Electons | Primarily determine how an atom behaves when it encounters other atoms. |
| Ions | Atoms that are electrically charged as a result of gaining/losing electrons. |
| Polar Molecule | Has opposite charges on opposite ends |
| Hydrogen Bonds | Occurs when the polarity of water results in weak electrical attractions between neighboring water molecules. |
| Chemical Reactions | Cells constant need to rearrange themselves/molecules by breaking chemical bonds and creating new ones. |
| Cohesion | The tendancy of molecules to stick together. |
| Heat | The amount of energy associated with the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter |
| Temperature | Measures the intensity if heat/ the average speed of molecules |
| Evaporative Cooling | Water moderated temperature method |
| Solution | A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. |
| Solvent | A dissolving agent |
| Solute | A dissolved substance |
| Aqueous Solution | The resulting solution of a water solvent. |
| Acid | A chemical compound that releases H+ to a solution |
| Base | aka Alkali. A compound that accepts H+ and removes it from solution |
| pH Scale | Measures the hydrogen ions (H+) concentration in a solution. |
| Buffers | Substances that prevent harmful changes in pH by accepting H+ when its in excess and donating it when its depleted. |
| Organic Compounds | Compounds that contain carbon |
| Organic Chemistry | Study of organic compounds |
| Macromolecules | BIG molecules. ex. DNA, molecules in starch foods *Also found in Polymers |
| Dehydration Reaction | When cells link monomers together and remove molecules of water. |
| Monomers | Large molecules made by stringing together many smaller molecules |
| Hydrolysis | (break down water) Cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them |
| Hydrocarbons | Organic molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Methane | One of the most abundant hydrocarbons |
| Functional Groups | Groups of atoms that participate in chemical reactions. |
Created by:
lowex3
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