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Duncan Bio Ch. 12b

DNA replication

QuestionAnswer
What is DNA replication? to make a copy of DNA
Why do organisms need to do DNA replication? whenever they grow or when old cells die new cells need to be made that need to have DNA
What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication? Helicase: causes the DNA to unwind DNA polymerase: adds new nucleotides to one of the original to make a new DNA molecule
What are the steps in replication? 1) Helicase unwinds the two strands of the DNA molecules, exposing the bases. 2)DNA polymerase uses the old strand as a template to add the free nucleotides to make the copy strand. 3)DNA polymerase makes 2 identical DNA molecules and then "proof reads"
What is a chromosome? tightly packed DNA segments that contains the gene sequences
Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes? NO!
How many chromosomes do humans have? 46 chromosomes
DNA is a very long molecule. How does some much DNA fit into a cell (which is a very small space)? DNA supercoils around proteins called histones, and winds up really tighlty to pack together into chromosomes.
Where are DNA chromosomes found in a prokaryote cell? in the cytoplasm
Where are DNA chromosomes found in a eukaryote cell? in the nucleus
Created by: msduncan
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