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fluids/electrolytes
test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| third spacing | collection of fluid found in space where there is no real use for the body |
| where can thrid spacing take place? | pleural cavity, pericardium and abdomonal cavity |
| What is the most accurate way to assess fluid gain? | daily weights |
| what is the fluid equivilent in pounds or kg gained? | 2.2 lbs. or 1 kg equals 1 liter of fluid |
| important points in taking daily weights | must be the same time of day, same type of clothing and same scales |
| on average about how much do we intake and output not including insensible losses and gains? | 1500ml in and 1500ml out |
| urine production should be at least what? | 30ml per hour somewhere (between 720 and 800ml in 24 hours) |
| three types of IV solutions | isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic |
| isotonic solutions description, osmolarity, and examples | equal concentration on both sides of the membrane; 270-290; Normal Saline, Lactated Ringers and D5W |
| hypotonic solutions description, osmolarity and examples | water pulled into cell; less than 270; 1/2 NS, D2W |
| hypertonic solution description, osmolarity and examples | water pulled out of cell; greater than 290; D5NS, D10W, D5LR, 1% NS, NSKCl |
| osmolarity for normal body is | 270-290 based on sodium levels in the body |
| filtration is an example of what in the body? | blood pressure and the kidneys filtration |
| example of active transport in the body | glucose needs insulin to transport it into the cell |
| electrolytes | substances whose molecules split into electrically charged particles when placed in water |
| cations | electrolytes with positive charge |
| anion | electrolytes with a negative charge |
| regulation fo fluid and electrolyte balance is done by the | hypothalamus (thirst center) |
| Pituitary secretes what in relation to fluid balance? | ADH- Anti-Diuretic Hormone- main function is to retain water-urine becomes more concentrated when it is secreted |
| adrenal glands secrete what in relation to fluid balance? | aldosterone- maintains sodium balance- secreted in response to decrease in fluid vol., decreased serum sodium and high potassium levels |
| renal or kidnet regulation | primary organ of fluid electrolyte balance |
| other regulators of fluids and electrolytes | lungs, parathyroid, skin, heart, and GI tract |
| physical assessment in relation to fluid balance | skin, turgor, mucous membranes, daily weights, vital signs |
| serious fluid loss in adults and infants | 10% |
| fatal fluid loss in adults | 20% |
| fatal infant fluid loss | 15% |
Created by:
laceynickie
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