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A&P 1/test #2
Chapter 30-Acid-Base Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid-Base balance is the most important of the bodys ____ | -homeostatic mechanisms -Regulates pH at a cellular level |
| What do ACid-base balance regulate? | hydrogen ions(H+) concentration in body fluids. |
| Acidosis describes artierial blood pH of ___ than 7._ _? | Less; 7.35 |
| Alkalosis describes artierial blood pH of ___ than 7._ _? | Greater; 7.45 |
| Electrolytes that ionize in water and release hydrogen ions are____? | Acids |
| Substances that combine with Hydrogen ions are____? | Bases |
| What do Acid-base balance entail in regulations of hydrogen ions? | Concentration of body fluids |
| Irregular concentration of body fluids can lead to ______? | alterating rates of enzymes-controlled metabollic reaction, shift the distribution of other ions, or modify hormone action; change of pH can change shape |
| What is internal environment maintained at pH btwn _____? | 7.35-7.45 |
| Strong acids ionize more completely and release more ___. | hydrogen ions; H+ |
| Weak acids ionize less completely and release fewer ___. | Hydrogen ions: H+ |
| Strong bases ionize more completely and release more | OH- |
| Weak bases ionize less completely and release fewer ___. | OH- |
| Normal metabolism produces more ____ than ____. | -acid; than bases |
| What are the 3 Chemical pH control mechanisms & what kind of buffers are they? | They are rapid-action buffers: 1.Bicarbonate Buffer system 2.Phosphate buffer system 3.Protein Buffer system |
| What are the 2 Physiological pH control mechanisms & what kind of buffers are they?how long (min/hrs) are the response? | delayed-action buffers. 1.respiratory response (1-2 mins response) 2.Renal response (24 hr response) |
| ways to maintain homeostasis in pH control is _____? | buffers, respiration, kidney excretion of acids and bases |
| Buffers are ___? | -Chemical substances that prevent a marked change in pH of a solution when an acid or base is added to it. -exists in pairs -control homeostatic stability |
| Hemoglobin provides___? | oxygen to blood |
| What is the base/acid ratio? | 20:1; sodium bicarbonate to bicarbonic acid 20 parts to 1 part hydrogen ion; normal range of our bodies to sustain homeostasis |
| body cannot maintain noraml pH witout adequate functionoing of the _____ and _______- mechanisms. | Respiratory; urinary pH control |
| When is it too Acidotic? | when theres too much hydrogen ions |
| We breath in ____ and breath out____. | oxygen; carbon dioxide. |
| The concentration of H+ relates to? | amount of blood carbon dioxide (CO2) directly relates to the amount of carbonic acid |
| With increased respirations, less___ remains in blood, hence less ____ ___ and fewer ___, with _______ respirations, more C02 remains in blood, hence more ________ and _____. | C02;carbonic acid; H+; decreased; carbonic acid; H+ |
| Respiration adjustmentt to counter pH imbalnace of _________. | arterial blood. |
| When slow breathing occurs what do we consume more of____ which leads to too much ______ which then leads to ______ which then leads to_____? | CArbon dioxide; carbonic acid; hydrogen ions; |
| Acidosis results from the _______? | -accumulation of acids or loss of bases, both of which cause abnorml increases in the hydrogen ion concentrations of body fluids. |
| Alkalosis results from ________? | -a loss of acids or an accumalation of bases accompanied by a decrease in hydrogen ion concentrations. |
| 2 major types of acidosis are ? | Respiratory acidosis and metablic acidosis |
| What is Resp. acidosis caused from?Example? | accumulation of carbon dioxide. ex: injury in brain can decrease airway intake of breathing. |
| Respiratory alkalosis develops as a result of _____? | Hyperventilation |
| Metabolic alkalosis results from a ? | great loss of hydrogen ions or from a gain in bases, both accompanied by a rise in the pH of blood. |
| What are some examples of causes that relate to Alkalosis? | Anxiety, fever |
| When u hyperventilate what are you getting rid of? | Carbon dioxide because your breathing too fast releasing CO2.. |
| What does Carbon Dioxide lead to? | Low Carbonic acid (H2C03)= low H+ and high pH (body is alkalosis) |
| How do you treat hyperventilation? | breathing in a bag to regain CO2 thats breathing out. |
Created by:
grl
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