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February 4, 2012
A&P Unrinary Sysytem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the urinary stsyem? | Clean and filter of blood (maintaining blood plasma) |
| What organ filiters blood plasma and forms urine? | Kidney |
| The nephrons are located primarily in what portion of the kidney? | Renal Cortex |
| The renal pelvis is continuous with and empties into a/an | ureter |
| The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the | Nephron |
| What two factors are responsible for the process of filtration? | 1. Pereability 2. 4x higher BP |
| T or F? When the filtration rate declines the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotension mechanism are activated; renin is secreted and angiotension II is released which will raise blood pressure by constricting both systemic arterioles and the eff | True |
| The reabsorption of water under the influence of ADH occurs where? | The collection duct |
| When sodium ions are actively reabsorbed, it triggers the passive reabsorbtion of __________ ions and water | Potassium |
| Define the process of filtration | The forcing of water and small solutes from the blood in a glomerlus into a glomerulus capsule |
| Define the process of tubular reabsorption | Reabsorption removes the "USEFUL" substances from the filtrate and retures them to the blood |
| define the process of tubular secretion | Secretion removes "WASTE" and excess substances from the blood and sends them back into the filtrate |
| What substance may be present in the blood and filtrate but should NOT normally be present in the urine? | Glucose |
| T or F? The glomerular filtration rate varies directly with the glomerular blood pressure which is related to the systemic blood pressure | True |
| What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste product in urine? What other waste products? | Urea....Uric acid and creatine |
| The major function of the urine formations is | Filttration (get rid of waste) |
| Antidiuretic hormone promotes the reabsorption of what 2 ions? | Na and K |
| What is the most abundant positively charged ion in the body fluids? | Na |
| The concentration of calcium ions in body fluids is regulated by what 2 hormones? | Parathyroid and Calcitonin |
| Urea is formed as a waste product of ___________ metabolism | Cellular respitration |
| What substance in body fluidsnworks to prevent significant change in pH? | Buffer |
| The normal pH range of body fluids is... | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| T or F? Th consentration of solutes in urine caries with both diet and metabolism | False |
| The color of normal urine is due to the presents of what substance produces by the breakdown of bile pigments?? | Urochrome |
| What is cystitis??? | Inflammation of urinary bladder due to bacterial infection |
| Cystitis and urethritis occur more frequently in males or females? | females |
| Define glomeruloneprhritis | Inflammation involving the glumerule |
| Define Pyelonephritis | Inflammation of renal pelvis and nephrons |
| The presence of blood cells or plasma proteins in urine can be indicative of what disorder? | Glumerulonephritis |
| The pain associated with a kidney stone normally results from its presents in the... | Renal pelvis |
| The disorder that is characterized by the inability of the kidneys to regulate the composition and volume of body fluids is | Renal Failure |
| A renal corpuscle consists of a ____________ enclosed in a __________________________ | Glomerulus; Glomerular capsule (bowmans capsule) |
| The correct sequence of parts of a renal tuble is.... | Proximal convoluted tuble-65% of filtration is reabsorbed here. All nutrients positively charged. Nephron loop (loop of henle) Water is positively absorbed. Distal convoluted tuble-Reabsorption uner hormonal control |
| The arteriole associated with the glomerulus that has the greater diameter is the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole? What is the purpose of this difference or between the 2 arterioles? | AFFERENT- enters or lets in. Efferant- exits or lets out |
| Most of the tubular reabsorption occurs in the | Proximal tubule |
| The volume of water that is lost in a 24 hour period via urine is constant from day to day or does it vary with water loss by all other means? | Th volume or water lost in urine varies with both the volume of water lost by other means and the volume of water intake |
| Urea is formed by what organ? | Liver |
| The "force" that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is | Peristasis |
| The uretha; sphincter under VOLUNTARY control is the... | External Sphincter |
| Glomerular filtrate is most similar in compsition to | blood |
| What substance moves from the renal tubule into the bloodstream/, this process is known as... | Tubular Reabsorption |
| If blood pressure increases beyond normal range what happends to the glomerular filtration rate? | Increases |
| What vessels carry blood into the glomerulus? | Afferent arterioles |
| A special group of cells near the gloerulus that secrete __________ in the responce to ____________ blood flow to the kidneys is the ________________ | Renin; Decrease: Juxtagiomerular |
| What process keeps the glomerular filtration rate constant in spite of fluctuation in systemic blood pressure? | Renal autoregulation |
| What is the chemical contol system that works as a defence mechanism to raise sysemic blood pressure by constricting arterioles throughout the body flowing a decreased filtration rate to save kidney function? | Renin-angiotention mechanism |
| Define Polyuria, Oliguria, Anuria, Diuresis | Polyuria-passing an excessive amount of urine. Oliguria-small amount of urine. Anuria- No urine. Diuresis-increase amounts of urine |
| What is the specific difference beween Polyuria and Diuresis? | |
| T or f? Blood plasma concentration is changed by the work of the kidneys? | True |
| The kidneys assist in the blood's ability to transport oxygen due to the secretion of what hormone? | Exythropoietin |
| The primary function of the urinary system is to | Form and ecreta urine maintaining electrolyte, water and acid balance in the body |
| What structure carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder? | Ureters |
| A ________ consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule | Nephron |
| The ___________ is a capillary tuft that lies between and afferent arteriol and an efferent arteriole | Glomerulus |
| Urine formation begins when _________________ moves some of the water and solutes in the blood from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule | Glomerular filtration |
Created by:
bjbert
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