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MicroLabFinal-Fortis

QuestionAnswer
A. The pyogenic cocci 1. Pyogenic means pus producing.
2. Pyogenic EX: Gram positive Staphylococcus spp.
*** Coagulase test for staph***
S. saprophyticus may cause urinary tract infections in sexually active women.
Staphylococcus spp. + or - ... Staph = GPC
Staph are GPC that occur in clusters on gram stain…
Staph produces the enzyme ... catalase
Catalase works how? removes hydrogen peroxide (a waste product) from the bacterial cell.
***Catalase test used for? for staph and enterococci
Catalase test, determine if + .. Immediate bubbling is positive.
•One of the most common pathogens, frequently causes skin infections, but may cause virtually any type of infection S. aureus •
Beta hemolytic while most other staph are not hemolytic S.aureus
•Produces coagulase? S.aureus
Action of Coagulase causes fibrinogen to be converted into fibrin resulting in a clot formation.
Other staph species do not have this enzyme.What is the spp. and the enzyme? S.aureus and Coagulase
Staphylococcus aureus ferments what? mannitol while most other staph does not. (MSA PLATE)
1. S. epidermidis is commonly found as normal flora of the skin and numerous other sites. It seldom causes disease, but has been known to cause infections of prosthetic devices.
a GPC that does not ferment mannitol S.epi
Streptococcus & Enterococcus spp. + or - ? • are GPC that occur in chains.
Both genera are catalase negative.. strep and enterococcus
•The cause of “strep throat” pyogenes
Pyogens Can cause skin infections
Pyogens Beta hemolytic
Organism is sensitive to bacitracin while most other beta hemolytic strep are resistant. Pyogenes
Known as group A strep. Pyogens
Viridans streptococci are a group of strep Normal flora of the mouth and mucus membranes, and GI tract
Viridans hemolysis? Alpha hemolytic.
Do not commonly cause disease although they may cause subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), dental infections and abscesses. Viridans
Enterococcus faecalis (previously S. faecalis)Causes numerous types of infections Displays any type of hemolysis, strain we are using is not hemolytic.
Hemolysis – BAP is a differential agar.
•Beta () means that the bacteria have completely lysed the RBCs and there is a clear area surrounding the colony.
•Alpha () means that the bacteria have partially lysed the RBCs and there is a green area with defined zones surrounding the colony. Most alpha hemolytic bacteria are Streptococcus spp.
•Gamma () means that the bacteria are not capable of hemolysis. Most bacteria are gamma hemolytic.
Enterics- Gram negative rods
•Many are enterics normal flora/biota of the gut, such as Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli.
These organisms also often cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Enterics
Sampling stool or fecal cultures •Stool is typically plated on MacConkey agar (MAC) and at possibly two or more selective agars.
•The purpose of the selective agars is to eliminate normal flora and identify pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp, and Campylobacter spp.
Three parts to a urine culture: colony count, isolation and identification and anti-microbial susceptibility testing
• Urine is plated on BAP and MAC. Plates are incubated overnight at 37 degrees C.
•Colonies are counted and then multiplied by the dilution factor (100/1000) to obtain CFU/ml.
Counts of 10-100 colonies are correlated with patient signs, symptoms, and history to arrive at a diagnosis.
If more than three types of bacteria are present,the sample may be considered contaminated and the urine should be recollected.
The presence of 2 or more bacteria per 1000X total magnification in a gram stained smear confirms a UTI w/counts of 100,000 CFU/m
•Serratia marcescens & Enterobacter aerogenes are rarely causes of primary infections in immunocompetent individuals.
Both are normal flora of the gut and are commonly found in the environment.- Serratia marcescens
nonfermenter, red pigment & Enterobacter-fermenter, large mucoid, pink tinge…not available in this lab Serratia Marcescens
•Pseudomonas aeruginosa is NOT a member of this enteric group but can be isolated from the intestines of some adults as well as environmental sources. It commonly causes UTI and burn wound infections.
-nonfermenter, oval with green metallic tinge Proteus mirabilis
•. – pathogen, nonfermenter, small, round, grayish Salmonella spp.
•is normal flora of the mouth and intestinal tract and can cause primary lobar pneumonia, especially in predisposed individuals. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes UTI and wound infections.
-fermenter, large mucoid, pink tinge Klebsiella pneumoniae
•Serratia marcescens & Enterobacter aerogenes are rarely causes of primary infections in immunocompetent individuals.
Both are normal flora of the gut and are commonly found in the environment.- Serratia marcescens
nonfermenter, red pigment & Enterobacter-fermenter, large mucoid, pink tinge…not available in this lab Serratia Marcescens
•Pseudomonas aeruginosa is NOT a member of this enteric group but can be isolated from the intestines of some adults as well as environmental sources. It commonly causes UTI and burn wound infections.
-nonfermenter, oval with green metallic tinge Pseudo. aerugonisoa
•. – pathogen, nonfermenter, small, round, grayish Salmonella spp.
•BAP – note color of colony and hemolysis
• MAC – observe color of colony,
MAC..colorless means not a lactose fermenter
MAC ..dark pinkish/reddish means that the organism is a lactose fermenter
•SIM – tests for three characteristics H2S production, Motility, and indole production
H2S production (black coloration)
o Motility (cloudiness throughout the media, if the tube is black, it is motile)
oIndole production is detected by the addition of a few drops of an indole reagent (typically Kovac’s which turns red if positive)
Triple sugar iron agar (TSI) Carbohydrate usage, Glucose, Lactose & Sucrose, Gas
oGlucose is What part of TSI tube? the bottom (butt) part of the tube.
****All enterics are glucose fermenters, therefore the butt of an enteric’s tube must be yellow.!!!!!
o(TSI)Lactose and sucrose are on the slant.
If an organism ferments either sugar, the slant will be yellow.
oYellow is recorded as A (for acidic).
Red is recorded as K (for alkaline).
oThe production of gas is indicated by cracks or bubbles in the media.
Gas production is recorded as G.
o H2S production is seen as black in the tube.
o If the butt of the tube is black, it ferments glucose (the organism needs H+ ions, resulting from an acidic test, for the reaction)
o K/N, does not ferment glucose or lactose/sucrose
o K/A, ferments glucose (dextrose) but not lactose/sucrose
o K/AS ferments glucose, but not lactose/sucrose, + for H2S
o A/AG or Gas+, ferments glucose, lactose/sucrose
o A/AS ferments glucose, lactose/sucrose, + for H2S
Antibiotic and Disinfectant testing o These tests will help to determine the effectiveness of various antimicrobials, antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics.
Disinfectants/Antisepticso Scope contains alcohol and bromide and alters the bacterial cellular components. It is used undiluted.
oBacDown disinfectant contains two different chloride products and also alters the bacterial cellular components. It is used in a 1:64 concentration.
oBleach contains chloride products and also alters the bacterial cellular components. It is used in a 20% concentration.
oAmphyl contains phenol and it causes damage to the bacterial membrane. It is used in a 0.5% concentration.
oAntibiotics that interfere with protein Synthesis Chloramphenicol,Streptomycin,Tetracycline,Neomycin** Cant Send Texts Now**
Antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis are: penicillin,ampicillin,methicillin (oxacillin),vancomycin,cephalothin**(sound hilbillyish)** The Cell Walls is nothin’ without the “cillin’ **right Van and ceph?!
Antibiotics that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis are: ciprofloxacin
Antibiotics that interfere with folic acid synthesis are trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Antibiotics that interfere with the cell membrane are: polymyxin b
Created by: IT NURSE :)
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