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End of muscle notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All cells use ___ for energy | ATP |
| if you were deprived of ATP, what would happen? | you would die |
| in all other cells, ADP + P and ATP must maintain what? | an equilibrium |
| muscle cells can generate energy by using what as a reserve? | creatine |
| the creatine acts as a reserve so when ATP is formed, what does it do? | gives it's phosphate to creatine to create creatine phosphate |
| the breakdown of creatine phosphate generates | ATP |
| when muscles get bigger, you are causing cells to grow what? | myofibrils, not more muscle cells |
| the process of ATP + Creatine ---> ADP + Creatine phosphate is called? | direct phosphorilation |
| WHat happens during Aerobic cycle? | glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, the pyruvic acid gets broken down in te mitochondria to generate ATP |
| how much ATP is generated during AEROBIC cycle? | 32 ATP |
| ANerobic pathway | glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, generates lactic acid |
| how much ATP from Anerobic pathway? | 2 ATP |
| when is anerobic pathway used? | when the body needs quick energy, but when it is done being used, body needs to take in a lot of oxygen to pay the oxygen debt because of it's deprivation |
| what happens during short duration exercise? | ATP that is stored in the muscles is used first, ATP formed from creatine phosphate + ADP, then glycogen is broken down into glucose and ATP forms |
| In strong muscle contractions, what happens? | more motor units are engaged, larger muscles used, high frequency of stimulation applied |
| degree of stretch indicates? | the tension level |
| what are some characteristics of smooth muscle? | single nucleus, short, no striations, only individual cell has endomysium, no myofibrils, involuntary |
| what are some characteristics of cardiac muscle? | striated and branched, intercolated discs, individual cells have endomysium, beats on it's own because of it's intrinsic nature |
| what are intercolated discs/ | connections between branches of cardiac cells |
| what are the 3 types of muscles other than cardiac smooth and striated? | prime movers, antagonists,synergists |
| what are prime movers? | primary muscles responsible for movement |
| what are antagonists? | stabilizing muscles that don't move when primary moves |
| what are synergists? | muscles that aid in movement |
| what is the origin of a muscle? | point where the muscle begins |
| insertion? | part of muscle that is on the bone is moving |
| you cannot have a _____ and _______ in the same place | insertion and origin |
| muscles can be named for what? | shape, size, # of heads & origins |
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