Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Heart & Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the ___. | Medastium |
| Its apex rests on the ____. | Diaphragm |
| Its base is at the level of the _____ rib. | Second |
| The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the _____. | Aorta |
| The coronary sinus empties into the ___. | Right Atrium |
| Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the ____ are the receiving chambers. | Atria |
| Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the ____ are the discharging chambers. | Ventricles |
| The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the ____. | Endocardium |
| The outermost layer of the heart is called the ___. | Epicardium |
| The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ___ during heart activity. | Friction |
| The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a specialized type of muscle tissue called ____. | Cardiac Muscle |
| The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ___. | Systole |
| The period of ventricular relaxation is called ___. | Diastole |
| The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are ___. | "lub dup" |
| The first heart sound is a result of closure of the ____ valves. | Atrioventricular valves |
| The second heart sound is caused by closure of the ____ valves. | Semilunar valves |
| The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the ____. | Atria |
| The chambers that have just been emptied when you hear the first heart sound are the ___. | Ventricles |
| Immediately after the second heart sound, the ____ are filling with blood. | Ventricles |
| Immediately after the second heart sound, the ____ are empty. | Atria |
| Abnormal heart sounds, or ___, usually indicate valve problems. | Heart murmurs |
| Which two valves prevent back flow into the ventricles when the heart is relaxed? | Pulmonary valve & Aortic valve |
| Which two valves prevent back flow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting? | Mitral (Bicuspid) valve & Tricuspid valve |
| Which AV valve has three flaps? | Tricuspid valve |
| Which AV valve has two flaps? | Mitral (Bicuspid) valve |
| What is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system? | Sinoatrial Node |
| What is the point in the intrinsic conduction system where the impulse is temporarily delayed? | Atrioventricular Node |
| What is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart called? | Electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| What is the period when the atria are depolarizing? | P Wave |
| What is the period when the ventricles are repolarizing? | T Wave |
| What is the period during which the ventricles are depolarizing, which precedes their contraction? | QRS Wave |
| What is an abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, slower than 60 beats per minute called? | Brachycardia |
| What is an abnormally fast heartbeat, that is, faster than 100 beats per minute called? | Tachycardia |
| What is the condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump? | Fibrillation |
| Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the sinoatrial (SA) node is called? | Heart Block |
| What is chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium called? | Angina Pectoris |
| In the relationship CO = HR x SV, CO stands for ___. | Cardiac Output |
| In the relationship CO = HR x SV, HR stands for ___. | Heart Rate |
| In the relationship CO = HR x SV, SV stands for ___. | Stroke Volume |
| The normal average adult cardiac output, therefore, is ____. | 75 bpm |
| The time for the entire blood supply to pass through the body is once each ____. | Minute |
| According to Starling's law of the heart, the critical factor that determines force of heartbeat, or ___ is the degree of ___ of the cardiac muscle just before it contracts. | Preload ; Stretching |
| Consequently, the force of heartbeat can be increased by increasing the amount of ____ returned to the heart. | Blood |
| What factors will lead to an increase in cardiac output by influencing either heart rate or stroke volume? | Epinephrine, Thyroxine, Fear, Exercise, Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, Low blood pressure, Fever |
| True or False: The resting heart rate is fastest in (adult) life. | False; Fetus |
| True or False: Because the heart of the highly trained athlete hypertrophies, its (stroke volume) decreases. | False; Resting Heart Rate |
| True or False: If the (right) side of the heart fails, pulmonary congestion occurs. | False; Left |
| True or False: In (peripheral) congestion, the feet, ankles, and fingers become edematous. | True |
| True or False: The pumping action of the healthy heart ordinarily maintains a balance between cardiac output and (venous return). | True |
| Which term does not belong: Pulmonary Trunk, Vena Cava, Right side of the heart, Left side of the heart | Right side of the heart |
| Which term does not belong: QRS wave, T wave, P wave, Electrical activity of the ventricles | P wave |
| Which term does not belong: AV valves closed, AV valves opened, Ventricular systole, Semilunar valves open | AV valves opened |
| Which term does not belong: Papillary muscles, Aortic semilunar valve, Tricuspid valve, Chordae tendinae | Aortic semilunar valve |
| Which term does not belong: Tricuspid valve, Mitral valve, Bicuspid valve, Left AV valve | Tricuspid valve |
| Which term does not belong: Ischemia, Infarct, Scar tissue repair, Heart block | Scar tissue valve |
| The central cavity of a blood vessel is called the ___. | Lumen |
| Reduction of the diameter of the lumen is called ____. | Stenosis |
| Enlargement of the diameter of the lumen is called ____. | Dilation |
| Blood is carried to the heart by ____. | Vena cava |
| Blood is carried away from the heart by _____. | Aorta |
| Capillary beds are supplied by ___. | Arterioles |
| Capillary beds are drained by ____. | Venules |
| Why do veins need valves but arteries do not? | Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. |
| Name two events occurring within the body that aid in venous return. | Respiratory Pump and Muscular Pump |
| Which type of Tunica is a single, thin layer of endothelium? | Tunica Intima |
| Which type of Tunica is the bulky middle coat, that contains a smooth muscle and elastin? | Tunica Media |
| Which type of Tunica provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow? | Tunica Intima |
| Which type of Tunica is the only tunica of capillaries? | Tunica Intima |
| Which type of Tunica is also called the adventitia? | Tunica Externa |
| Which type of Tunica is the only tunica that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation? | Tunica Media |
| Which type of Tunica is the supporting, protective coat? | Tunica Externa |
| Describe the physical characteristics of an artery. | It has no valves, and it has small lumen. |
| Describe the physical characteristics of a vein. | It has valves, and it has big lumen. |
| Describe the physical characteristics of a capillary. | It is only a thin wall of tunica intima. |
| Deep veins, draining the forearm are | Radial and Ulnar |
| Vein that receives blood from the arm via the axillary vein is called | Subclavian |
| Vein that drain venous blood from the myocardium of the heart into the coronary sinus is called | Cardiac |
| Vein that drains the kidney | Renal |
| Vein that drains the dural sinuses of the brain | Internal Jugular |
| Two veins that join to become the superior vena cava | Brachiocephalic |
| Veins that drain the leg and foot | Anterior Tibial & Posterior Tibial |
| Large vein that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing | Hepatic Portal |
| Superficial vein that drains the lateral aspect of the arm | Cephalic |
| Vein that drains the ovaries or testes | Gonadal |
| Vein that drains the thorax, empties into the superior vena cava | Azygos |
| Largest vein below the thorax | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Vein that drains the liver | Hepatic |
| Three veins that form/empty into the hepatic portal vein | Gastric, Inferior Mesenteric, Superior Mesenteric |
| Longest superficial vein of the body; found in the leg | Greater Saphenous |
| Vein that is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins | Common iliac |
| Deep vein of the thigh | Femoral |
| Two arteries formed by the division of the brachiocehpalic trunk | Common carotid & Subclavian |
| First artery that branches off the ascending aorta; serves the heart | Coronary |
| Two paired arteries, serving the brain | Internal Carotid & Vertebral |
| Largest artery of the body | Aorta |
| Arterial network on the dorsum of the foot | Dorsalis Pedis |
| Artery that serves the posterior thigh | Deep artery of the thigh |
| Artery that supplies the diaphragm | Phrenic |
| Artery generally auscultated to determine blood pressure in the arm | Brachial |
| Artery that supplies the last half of the large intestine | Inferior Mesenteric |
| Artery that serves the pelvis | Internal iliac |
| External iliac becomes this artery on entering the thigh | Femoral |
| Major artery serving the arm | Brachial |
| Artery that supplies most of the small intestine | Superior Mesenteric |
| The terminal branches of the dorsal, or descending, aorta | Common iliac |
| Arterial trunk that has three major branches, which serve the liver, spleen, and stomach | Celiac Trunk |
| Major artery, serving the tissues external to the skull | External Carotid |
| Three arteries, serving the leg inferior to the knee | Posterior Tibial, Anterior Tibial, & Peroneal |
| Artery generally used to feel the pulse at the wrist | Radial |
| Damage to the left semilunar valve would interfere with blood flow into this vessel | Aorta |
| An anastomosis that allows communication between the posterior and anterior blood supplies of the brain | Circle of Willis |
| The vessel carrying oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus from the placenta | Umbilical Vein |
| The shunt that allows most fetal blood to bypass the liver | Ductus Venosus |
| Two pairs of arteries, arising from the internal carotid artery | Anterior cerebral artery & Middle cerebral artery |
| The posterior cerebral arteries, serving the brain, arise from here | Basilar artery |
| Fetal shunt between the aorta and pulmonary trunk that allows the lungs to be bypassed by the blood | Ductus Arteriosus |
| Opening in the interatrial septum that shunts fetal blood from the right to the left atrium, thus bypassing the fetal lungs | Foramen Ovale |
| Why are the lungs largely bypassed by the circulating blood in the fetus? | The fetus is given oxygen and nutrients by maternal blood. The lungs are mostly used for oxygenation, so it's not needed yet. |
| Which term does not belong: High Pressure, Vein, Artery, Spurting Blood | Vein |
| Which term does not belong: Carotid Artery, Cardiac Vein, Coronary Sinus, Coronary Artery | Cardiac Vein |
| Which term does not belong: Increased Venous Return, Respiratory Pump, Vasodilation, Milking Action of Skeletal Muscle | Milking Action of Skeletal Muscle |
| Which term does not belong: High Blood Pressure, Hemorrhage, Weak Pulse, Low Cardiac Output | High Blood Pressure |
| Which term does not belong: Resistance, Friction, Vasodilation, Vasoconstriction | Vasodilation |
| Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity | Pulse |
| Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls | Blood Pressure |
| Factors related to blood pressure | Cardiac Output & Diastolic Blood Pressure |
| Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance | Constriction of arterioles |
| Blood pressure during heart relaxation | Diastolic blood pressure |
| Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made | Over arteries |
| Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt | Pressure points |
| Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed | Sounds of Korotkoff |
| In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as a ___ because it has living blood cells, called ___. | Connective tissue; formed elements |
| Formed elements are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ____. | Plasma |
| The "fibers" of blood only become visible during ____. | Blood clotting |
| If a blood sample is centrifuged, the heavier blood cells become packaged at the bottom of the tube. Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of ___. | Erythrocytes |
| The volume of blood accounted for by Erythrocytes is referred to as ____. | Hematocrit |
| The less dense ___ rises to the top and constitutes about 45% of the blood volume. | Plasma |
| The so-called "buffy coat," composed of ___ and ___, is found at the junction between the other two blood elements. | Leukocytes; Platelets |
| The buffy coat accounts for less than ___ % of volume. | one |
| Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with ____; otherwise it tends to be dark red. | Oxygen |
| Most numerous leukocyte | Neutrophil |
| Granular leukocytes | Eosinophil, Basophil, & Neutrophil |
| Also called an erythrocyte; a nucleate | Red Blood Cell |
| Actively phagocytic leukocytes | Monocyte & Neutrophil |
| Agranular leukocytes | Monocytes & Lymphocytes |
| Fragments to form platelets | Megakaryocyte |
| Red Blood Cell, Megakaryocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, and Lymphocyte are all examples of this ____. | Formed Elements |
| Increases during allergy attacks | Eosinophil |
| Releases histamine during inflammatory reactions | Basophil |
| After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue | Lymphocyte |
| Contains hemoglobin | Red blood cell |
| Primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood | Plasma |
| Increases in number during prolonged infections | Monocyte |
| Least numerous leukocyte | Basophil |
| Also called white blood cells | Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, & Lymphocyte |
| White blood cells move into and out of blood vessels by the process of ___. | Diapedesis |
| An abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs is ____. | Leukopenia |
| When blood becomes too acidic or too basic, both the respiratory system and the ____ may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range. | Kidneys |
| The normal pH range of blood is ___ to 7.45. | 7.35 |
| The cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approx. ___ liters of blood. | 5 |
| The only WBC type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the ____. | Lymphocyte |
| An abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is ____. | Leukocytosis |
| The normal RBC count is ______ million/mm^3. | 3.5 - 4.5 |
| Normal ______ values are in the area of 42% - 47% of the volume of whole blood. | hematocrit |
| An anemia resulting from a decreased RBC number causes the blood to become ___ viscous. | less |
| Phagocytic agranular WBCs are _____. | Monocytes |
| The Leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are _____. | Lymphocytes |
| Which term does not belong: Erythrocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils | Erythrocytes |
| Which term does not belong: Neutrophils, Monocytes, Basophils, Eosinophils | Monocytes |
| Which term does not belong: Hemoglobin, Lymphocyte, Oxygen Transport, Erythrocytes | Lymphocytes |
| Which term does not belong: Platelets, Monocytes, Phagocytosis, Neutrophils | Platelets |
| Which term does not belong: Thrombus, Aneurysm, Embolus, Clot | Aneurysm |
| Which term does not belong: Plasma, Nutrients, Hemoglobin, Wastes | Hemoglobin |
| Which term does not belong: Myeloid stem cell, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil | Lymphocyte |
| What factors would serve as stimuli for erythropoiesis? | Hemorrhage, Aerobic Respiration, & Living at a high altitude |
| Clotting begins when a ____ occurs in a blood vessel wall. | Break |
| Almost immediately, ___ cling to the blood vessel wall and release _____, which helps to decrease blood loss by helping to constrict the vessel. | Platelets; Serotonin |
| ____, released by damaged cells in the area, interacts with _____ on the platelet surfaces and other clotting factors to form _____. | Tissue factor, PF3, Prothrombin activator |
| This chemical substance causes ___ to be converted to ____. | Prothrombin; Thrombin |
| Once present, molecule #8 acts as an enzyme to attach ___ molecules together to form long, threadlike strands of ___ which then traps ____ flowing by in the blood. | Fibrinogen, Fibrin, & Erythrocytes |
| Normally blood clots within _____ minutes. | 3 - 6 |
| The most important natural body anticoagulant is ______. | Heparin |
| _____ means stoppage of blood flow. | Hemostasis |
| What blood type is the universal donor? | Type O |
| What blood type is the universal recipient? | Type AB |
| Define Transfusion Reaction: | Plasma antibodies attach and destroy the red blood cells different from the person receiving the antibodies. |
| A fetus has a special type of hemoglobin, hemoglobin ____. | F |
| An infant's tissues can become yellowed, or ____. | Jaundiced |
| An anemia in which RBCs become sharp and "logjam" in the blood vessels under conditions of low-oxygen tension in the blood is ____ anemia. | sickle cell |
| Bleeder's disease, or ____, is a result of a deficiency of certain clotting factors. | Hemophilia |
| Women are particularly prone to ____ - deficiency anemia. | Iron |
| Elderly people are susceptible to ___ anemia. | Pernicious |
| Pernicious anemia is a result of lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin ___ absorption. | B |
| An important problem in aged individuals is their tendency to form undesirable clots or ___. | Macrocytes |
| Both the young and the elderly are at risk for cancer of the blood, or ____. | Leukemia |
Created by:
Bex28
Popular Biology sets