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BI SC 004
Chapter 7 Neurons The matter of the mind
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Neurons? | Nerve Cells involved in intercellular communication consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon; they r exciteable cells in the nervous systemspecialized to generate & transmit electrochemical signals called action potentials or nerve impulses |
| What is the function Central Nervous system? | CNS integrates & coordinates all the body's varied activities; CN is enclosed in bone (in the middle)Brain/spinal cord |
| The Nervous system has 2 primary divisions. What r they & the correlating parts? | (1)The CNS (central)consisting of the brain/spinal cord (2)the PNS (peripheral)consisting of all nervous tissue in the body outside of the brain & spinal cord. |
| What r the names of the specialized cells that both divisons r composed of? | (1) Neurons = excitable cells -generate & transmit msges 2)Neroglia aka glial support protect neurons out# 10-1 (These r the majority of cells in NS) |
| Give a brief profile of the glial cells | The NS has several types glial cells ea./w/a different job 2 do: (1)provides struct. support 4 neurons of brain & spinal cord (2) prov. steady supply of chems. called nerve growth factors that stimulate nerve growth (3)form insulating sheaths around axons |
| ? = the structure of the Neuron | Cell Body (nucleous)- Axons - dendrites - |
| ? - the structure of the nerve | Dendrites & axons in a connective tissue sheath |
| In the nerve structure, what = the function of the cell body? | Contols cell metabolic activity; integrates imput from other neurons |
| Function of the dendrites | Rec info from other neurons or from the environment |
| Function of Axons | Conducts the nerve impulse away from the cell body |
| Function of axon endings | Releases chemicals called neurotransmitters that affect the activity of nearby neurons or an effector muscle or gland |
| What is the structure of a nerve bundle? | The nerve 2 sets of axons, connective tissue, blood vessels |
| Neuron (aka nerve cell) = basic unit of the NS cn b grouped in 3 gen'l catefories. ? r they? | Sensory, motor and association neurons |
| What is the function of the sensory (or afferent) neuron? Where is it located? | Conducts info towrd brain & spinal cord; generally extend fr sensory receptors, which r structures specialized 2 gather info re the conditions w/i & around our bodies |
| What is the function of the motor Neurons (aka efferent) | Carry info away fr brain & spinal cord 2 an effector either a muscle that will contract,or a gland which will secrete its product, as a response to info from a sensory or interneuron |
| What is an association neuron (aka interneuron)? | Located between sensory & motorneurons; r found only w/i the brain & spinal cord where they integrate & interpret sensory signals & decide on appropriate response-accont 4 > than 99% of body's neurons |
| What is myelination? | When the myelin sheath (an insulating layer around the axon carrying nerve impulses over relatively long distances composed of multiple wrappings of plasma membrane of certain glial cells)increases the rate of saltatory conduction & helps in repair |
| What is myelin made up of? | LIPIDS lipids |
| What is a Schwann cell? | A type of glial cell in the PNS forming the myelin sheath by wrapping around the axon many X's providing a covering=myelin sheath that looks like a jelly roll. |
| Function of myelin sheath | serves as a type of electrical tape insulating individual axons & preventing msges fr short-circuiting between neurons |
| What is the result if the myelin sheath is progressively destroyed? What if neuronsthru-outbrain/spinal cord die & stop sending msges 2 skeletal muscles | Multiple Sclerosis Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS = amyotrophic lateral scleroses |
| Describe MS | Autoimmune disease-myelin sheaths in PNS destroyed-scars sclerosis-onset 20 -40 yrs. old -more common in females than males-symptoms: loss of bal. eyesight slurred speech -localized paralysis |
| Nerve impulses are ______ __________ aka _ ____ caused by _____________ _ & _____ __ ____. | Bioelectrical signals-a nerve's msge. aka an action potential caused by sodium ions (NA+) & potassium ions (K+)crossing the neuron's membrane 2 enter/leave the cell |
| Describe the way the nerve impulse signal works. | Ions Na+ * K+ move passively down ion channels= pores in the membranes where ions r able 2 pass thru w/o using cellular energy; the sodium - potassium pump uses ATP 2 transport sodium out & potassium in |
| What is a resting neuron aka resting potential? | Where the membrain maintains a difference in the electrical charges near the 2 membrane surfaces(pg.120)keeping the inside surface more neg.than the outside 1.This charge = resting potential, resulting fr unequal distrib. of ions a+ the membrane |
| What = Action Potential? | Simulation of neuron; some tpe of excitatory signal;cn b described as briefly as a sudden reverdsalin the charge differncea+ membrane followed by restoration of original charge difference |
| What r the 2 parts of a Nerve impulse? | Sodium Ions (Na+) & Potassium (K+) (pg 120) |
| What is a nerve impulse? | A bioelectrical signal(119,122)The nerve's msge aka action potential; electrochem. signal caused by Na+ & K+ ions Xng neruon's membrane 2 enter/leave cell |
Created by:
njshands
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