Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 17 Heart
Study of Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Functions of the heart? | Generating blood pressure; Routing blood;Regulating blood supply |
| What is required for blood flow through the blood vessels? | Blood pressure |
| How does the heart regulate blood supply? | It adjusts blood flow by changing the rate and force of heart contractions as needed. |
| The flow of blood from the heart through the lungs back to the heart. | Pulmonary circulation |
| The flow of blood from the heart through the body back to the heart. | Systemic circulation |
| Picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the lungs. | Pulmonary circulation |
| Delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide in the body's tissues. | Systemic circulation |
| Where is the heart located? | Thoracic cavity between the lungs. |
| What is the heart shaped like? | Blunt cone with an apex and a base. Apex directed to left of midline; base is deep to sternum; it rest on superior surface of diaphragm. |
| Size of heart | size of your fist; |
| Chambers of the heart | 2 atria; 2 ventricles |
| A double-walled sac around the heart. | Pericardium |
| What is the Pericardium composed of? | outer fibrous pericardium; deep two-layer serous pericardium |
| What lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium? | parietal layer of the serous pericardium. |
| What lines the surface of the heart? | visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
| What separates the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium? | The fluid-filled pericardial cavity. |
| What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid? | reduces friction |
| Purpose of fibrous pericardium | protects and anchors the heart; prevents overfilling of the heart with blood. |
| Purpose of serous pericardium | Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment. |
| 3 layers of the heart | Epicardium; myocardium; endocardium |
| Also known as the visceral pericardium; provides protection against friction of rubbing organs | Epicardium |
| Cardiac muscle layer; forms the bulk of the heart; responsible for contraction | Myocardium |
| Endothelial layer(of heart) over layer of connective tissue; allows blood to move easily through the heart. | Endocardium |
| Ventricles have ridges called _______ _________. | trabeculae carneae |
| The inner surfaces of the atria are ________ __________. | mainly smooth |
| Auricles have raised areas called _______ _________. | pectinate muscles. |
| Receiving chambers of the heart. | Atria |
| Each atrium has a __________ ________ on the anterior surface. | flaplike auricle |
| The veins entering the _______ atrium carrying blood to the heart from systemic circulation are? | right; inferior vena cava & superior vena cava |
| Delivers blood to the right atrium from coronary circulation. | Coronary sinus |
| Enter the left atrium carrying blood to the heart from the lungs. | Four pulmonary veins |
| Discharging chambers of the heart. | Ventricles |
| _______ __________ and _________ ________ muscles mark ventricular walls. | Papillary muscles; trabeculae carneae |
| What 2 arteries carry blood away from the heart? | Pulmonary trunk; Aorta |
| Pulmonary trunk splits into: | right and left pulmonary arteries |
| Pulmonary trunk exits which ventricle and carries blood where? | Right ventricle; to lungs |
| What exits the left ventricle and carries blood to the body? | Aorta |
| What separates the atria from the ventricles? | coronary sulcus |
| What separates the right and left ventricles? | interventricular sulci |
| What separates the atria from each other? | interatrial septum |
| What is the former location of the foramen ovale called? | fossa ovalis |
| Blood bypassed the lungs in the fetus through? | foramen ovale |
| Function of the heart valves | to ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart. |
| Valves between the atria and ventricles are called: | Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves) |
| ______________ _______ separates the right atrium and ventricle. | tricuspid valve |
| _________ __________ separates the left atrium and ventricle. | Bicuspid valve |
| _________ ________ anchor AV valves to papillary muscles. | Chordae tendineae |
| AV valves prevent backflow int the atria when ventricles _________. | contract |
| ___________ ________ _______ lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. | Aortic semilunar valve |
| ________ ________ ________ lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. | Pulmonary semilunar valve |
| Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the _________. | ventricles. |
| Flow of blood through heart: | right atrium--tricuspid valve--right ventricle--pulmonary semilunar valve--pulmonary trunk--pulmonary arteries--lungs--pulmonary veins--left atrium--bicuspid valve--left ventricle--aortic semilunar valve--aorta--to body |
| What supplies blood to the heart? | coronary ateries |
| Where do the coronary arteries originate from? | aorta |
| Blood returns from the heart tissues to the right atrium via: | coronary sinus and cardiac veins |
| Artery that runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus. | Anterior interventricular artery |
| Artery that curves to the left around the coronary sulcus and pits to form marginal and post interventricular arteries. | Circumflex artery |
| Left coronary artery splits to form: | anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery |
| Major vein on the anterior surface of heart, drains into the coronary sinus. | Great cardiac vein |
| posterior vein (heart) drains the myocardium into the right atrium. | Coronary sinus |
| Drains anterior surface of the right ventricle into the right atrium | Anterior cardiac vein |
| Pain experienced due to a decrease in blood flow, may be due to narrowed or hardened coronary arteries. | Angina pectoris |
| Prolonged lack of blood flow causes cell death: | Coronary thrombosis (Myocardial infarction)(heart attack) |
| Consists of a plate of fibrous connective tissue; forms fibrous rings around the AV and SL valves for support; provides a point of attachment for heart muscle; electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles: | Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart |
| The nucleus of cardiac muscle cells is located? | centrally |
| What are organized to form sarcomeres in cardiac muscle and give striated appearance? | Actin and myosin |
| Normal contraction of cardiac muscle depends on? | extracellular calcium |
| _____________ and ___________ are not as organized as in skeletal muscle. | T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| What does cardiac muscle rely on for ATP prduction? | Aerobic respiration |
| Cardiac muscle as many? | mitochondria |
| Cardia muscle cells are joined by? | intercalated disks |
| What allows action potentials to move from one cell to the next, thus allowing cardiac muscle cells to function as a unit? | intercalated disks |
| What allows for ions to pass from cell to cell for quick passage of action potentials? | Gap junctions |
| What prevent the cells from separating during contraction? | Desmosomes |
| Cardiac muscle cells are insensitive to further stimulation during? | absolute refractory period |
| Stronger than normal stimulation can produce an action potential during? | Relative refractory period |
| What allows time for the cardiac muscle to relax before the next action potential causes a contraction? | Prolonged absolute refractory period |
| Why does cardiac muscle have a prolonged absolute refractory period? | because of the long duration of the plateau phase |
| Pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial (SA)node |
| Collection of cardiac muscle cells capable of spontaneously generating action potentials; sets heart rate | sinoatrial (SA)node |
| Slowly developing local action potential: | prepotential |
| Why are some cardiac muscle cells autorhythmic? | because of the spontaneous development of a prepotential |
| The prepotential results from the movement of ____ and _____ into the SA node cells. | Sodium and Calcium |
| Unlike other cardiac muscle cells the movement of _______ into the pacemaker cells drives the depolarization phase of their action potential. | Calcium |
| What determines heart rate? | duration of the prepotential phase |
| The sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node are located? | right atrium |
| The AV node is connected to the left and right bundle branches in the interventricular septum by? | AV bundle |
| Bundle branches give rise to ____ ______, which supply the ventricles | Purkinje fibers |
Created by:
tmcr
Popular Biology sets