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Science Chpt. 19-20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is air pressure? | air pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air above a certain point |
| what instrument is used to measure air pressure? | barometer(aneroid or mercury) is used to measure air pressure |
| who invented the mercury barometer? | Torricelli invented the mercury barometer |
| what is the ultimate energy source for most wind? | the sun is the energy source for most wind |
| what force generates wind? | pressure gradient force generates wind |
| what forces affect wind? | friction, Coriolis effect, and pressure differences affect wind |
| what does a steep pressure gradient indicate? | close together isobars, and strong winds are indicated by a steep pressure gradient. |
| what are isobars? | lines on a map that connect places of equal air pressure are isobars |
| what is a jet stream? | swift (120-240 Km per hour) high altitude winds are a jet stream |
| what are cyclones? | low pressure center characterized by a counterclockwise flow of air in the northern hemi are cyclones |
| what are monsoons? | MONSOONS: seasonal reversal of wind direction associated with large continents, especially asia. in winter, wind blows from land to sea, in summer sea to land. |
| Which surface winds blow between the subtropical high and the equator? | trade winds blow between the subtropical high and the equator |
| If Earth did not rotate, how would air at the equator move? | if earth did not rotate,the air at the equator would flow directly in towards a low pressure center instead of in a clockwise pattern. |
| what are local winds? | Winds which, over a small area, differ from those normal for an area are local winds |
| what will a cold, dry air mass that moves over warm, tropical waters likely become? | a cold, dry air mass that moves over warm, tropical waters will likely become warmer and wetter |
| what does an air mass get its characteristic properties from? | an air mass gets it characteristic properties from a source region |
| Where do the greatest number of thunderstorms occur? | the greatest number of thunderstorms occur in the tropics |
| how do thunderstorms form? | thunderstorms form because of the rapid rising of hot, humid air |
| describe a thunderstorms mature stage | A thunderstorms mature stage: the storm is still continuing to grow, but heavy precipitation begins to fall. |
| what is a tornado's vortex? | a tornado's vortex is the center of a tornado, where the strongest winds occur. |
| what is a tornadoes eye? | a tornado's eye is the very center of the tornado. zone of scattered clouds and calm averaging about 20km in diameter at the center of a tornado or hurricane |
| when are tornadoes most frequent? | tornado's are most frequent in late spring, early summer |
| how are hurricanes classified? | hurricanes are classified on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Damage-Potential scale |
| what is a typhoon? | a typhoon is a violent cyclone that occurs in the northwest pacific ocean |
| where do hurricanes form? | hurricanes form over warm waters |
| why do hurricanes weaken when they hit land? | hurricanes are powered by the warm water of the ocean, which they lose when they hit land |
| define sea breeze | SEA BREEZE: cooler air moves off of the water and onto land and the warmer air on the coast rises and moves over the sea |
| define land breeze | LAND BREEZE: at night, wind blows from land to over water |
| what is a prevailing wind? | a prevailing wind is a wind that consistently blows from one direction more than from another. |
| what instrument is used to measure wind speed? | anemometer |
| how are winds labeled? | location, speed, and direction |
| what is el nino? | periodic warming of ocean that occurs in central and eastern pacific, a major episode can cause extreme weather in many parts of the world |
| what is la nina? | LA NINA: opposite of el nino, causes cooling of water |
| what is the standard sea level pressure in millibars? | the standard sea level pressure in millibars is 1013 millibars |
Created by:
kjshoemaker
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