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bi24 immune sys
grcc bi240 immune system aquired vs innate
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antigens | foreign substances elicit a response by immune system |
| Antibodies | proteins produced by the body in response to a specific antigen and capable of reacting against it |
| Innate immunity | natural or built in |
| These are working all the time and are effective against many different kinds of microbes | Innate immunity |
| External resistance factors | Physical, chemical and cellular all inhibit bacteria growth |
| examples of innate immunity external factor: physical barriers | skin, environmental conditions and flushing actions (eye lid blink, peristalsis and urination) |
| Examples of innate immunity external factor: chemical are activities carried out by molelcules | salts, acids, lipids, enzymes |
| examples of innate immunity external factor: cellular are activities carried out by cells | normal flora, phagocytes (macrophages, pMN leukocytes) |
| exampls of internal resistance factors: physical | barriers such as connective tissue such as the blood brain barrier. |
| exampls of internal resistance factors: chemical | activities carried out by molecules |
| exampls of internal resistance factors: chemical molecules | enzymes, complement, membrane attack complex, interferon |
| Enzymes | Lysozyme and other enzymes in blood and tissue fluids |
| Complement | a naturally occuring, self regulating system consisting of about 30 proteins that is activated by polysaccharides or lipopolysacchiraides |
| Proteins that are activated by polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides that are present on | pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, etc. |
| membrane attack complex | complement system activates this and forms channels onto bacteria. These channels disrupt the phospholipid bilayer of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death |
| exampls of internal resistance factors: interferons | helps diminish viral replication |
| Interferon alpha & beta | help diminish viral replicaton |
| interferon gamma is produced by type 1 T helper cells | stimulated macrophage and also diminishes viral replciation |
| Acquired immunity | acquired by infection or vaccination or by the transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from immune donor |
| Immune system is a coordinated effort | between B and T lymphocytes |
| Immune system cells originate | bone marrow, mature in bone marrow and thymus |
| Components of immune system | Lymphatic, immune cells, chemical mediators. |
| Components of immune system: Lymphatic tissue | lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and intestinal lymphoid tissue. |
| Components of immune system: Immune cells | Originate in bone marrow and thymus (lymphocytes & macrophages) that id and remove foreign materials. |
| Components of immune system: chemical mediators | Histamine and interleukins |
| Histamine and interleukins have a variety of functions involved in the immune reactions | signal cell response, cause cell damage |
| Normal immune response happens in 2 phases | clonal diversity and clonal selection |
| Generation of clonal diversity | Lymphoid stem cells from bone marrow migrate to lymphoid organs where they proliferate |
| clonal diversity is generated by lymph stem cells from bone marrow then migrate to | Lymphoid organs (thymus or bone marrow regions) where they proliferate and differentiate |
| The colonal diversity generates | Immunocompetent T cells and B cells |
| Immunocompetent T cells | from thymus |
| Immunocmpetetn B cells | from bone marrow |
| Immunocompetent cells are formed and enter | circulation & migrate to spleen and lymphnodes (which causes swollen lymph nodes) |
| Normal response: clonal selection is initiated by | exposure to foreign antigen |
| result of clonal selection | selective active cellular immunity or humoral immunity or both |
| humoral activates | B-cells |
| clonal selection and proteinc on surface of cells | antigens are proteins on surface of cell detect and elicit to destroy foreign material. |
| clonal selection elicits response with cell immunity is mediated by | effector T cells, regulatory T cells and Memory T cells |
| Memory T cells can producce more | antibody rapidly to a second challenge from the same antigen. |
| Humoral immunity is medated by | soluble proteins (antibodies) produced in plasma cells and by memory B cells that produce more antibody rapidly to a second challenge with same antigen |
| What do monocytes lead to? | macrophages = antigen presenting cells APC's) |
Created by:
Wends1984
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