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AQA P1b revision notes

KeywordDefinition
What is the order of the Elecromagnetic Spectrum (increasing in wavelength)? gamma, xrays, UV, visible, Infrared, microwaves, radiowaves
At what speed do all EM waves travel? speed of light
How do you calculate wave speed? Wave speed = frequency x wavelength
Frequency is... Number of waves passing a point each second
Microwaves can be used for... Mobile telecommunications via satellites
Toasters, ordinary lightbulbs and TV remotes give out what type of radiation? Infra-red
IR and visible light rays can be used in communications - through what type of fibre? Optical (fibre optical cables)
This type of signal continuously varies... Analogue
This type of signal is a series of 'ons' and 'offs'... Digital
Noise is more easily removed from which type of signal? usually called sampling. Digital
What type of radiation damages skin and eyes? UV
Shadow pictures of bones are produced by... Xrays
What can gamma rays be used for? sterilising surgical instruments and preserving fruit.
What 2 particles are contained in the nucleus of an atom? Protons and neutrons
What is ionisation? When an atom loses or gains an electron
What is an isotope? An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Name as many alpha radiation properties as you can... High ionising potential, low penetrating power (stopped by few cm air/paper), He nucleus, used in smoke detectors, has positive charge
Name as many beta radiation properties as you can... Stopped by thin aluminium, negatively charged, high speed electron, used in tracers and to control thickness of paper/foil/plastic
Name as many gamma radiation properties as you can... No charge, very penetrating (stopped by thick concrete/lead), used in sterelising medical instruments, not ionising, is an EM wave
What is half life? Time for half the atoms to decay and time for radiation to reduce to half its original value
How do health workers reduce their exposure to radiation? Wear lead lined aprons and photographic film badges which measure the exposure.
What is our galaxy called? The milky way
What is our star called in our solar system? The Sun
What theories do you know of the origin of the universe? Creation theory/belief, big bang theory
What evidence is there for the big bang theory? Red shift
What does red shift suggest? Universe is expanding/evidence for the big bang theory
What type of EM wave do optical telescopes use? Visible light
What type of telescope is Hubble? Optical space telescope
What are the advantages of having a telescope outside of the Earths atmosphere? No distortion of light by weather
What type of EM waves can radiotelescopes use? radio, UV, Xrays
Created by: sandringham
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