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1st secu Genetics
Instituto Rafael Haller Biology 102
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | the scientific study of genes/inheritance. |
| Fertilization | the union of 2 types of gametes: the masculine and the feminine. |
| True-breeding/Pure bred | having 2 of the same alleles. (also known as homozygous) |
| Trait | is a distinct variant of a phenotypic character of an organism that may be inherited, environmentally determined or be a combination of the two |
| Hybrid | having 2 different alleles for a trait (also know as heterozygous) |
| Gene | a unit of genetic material that determines a trait. |
| Allele | alternate form of the same gene. |
| Segregation | the formation of unique gametes from the genotype of the parent |
| Gamete | sex cell |
| Homozygous | having 2 of the same alleles. (also known as pure bred) |
| Heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a trait. (also known as hybrid) |
| Phenotype | the actual characteristics that an organism demonstrates |
| Genotype | the entire set of genes in an organism. A set of alleles that determines the expression of a particular characteristic or trait |
| Codominance/Co-dominant | 2 alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote that are both fully expressed. |
| Homologous | Pertaining to (a member of) a pair of chromosomes |
| Diploid | A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father |
| Carrier | an individual that carries one gene for a recessive trait. A carrier does not express that trait, but when mated with another can produce offspring that do. |
| Chromosome | a thread-like strand in the nucleus that controls the cell activity and carries the genetic material to pass traits to offspring. |
| Dominant Gene | strong form a a gene, which is expressed even if a recessive gene is present. |
| Heredity | the passing of physical characteristics from parent to child. |
| Incomplete Dominance | a condition tht results when genes produce a trait somewhere in between the traits of the parents. |
| Inherit | to acquire a triat from your parents |
| Karyotype | a picture of a person's chromosomes |
| Meiosis | cell division that happens in sex cells only. produces gametes have one set of unpaired chromosomes. |
| Gregor Mendel | Austrian monk who studied pea plants and figured out the rules of heredity. The "father" of genetics. |
| mutation | a change in DNA or chromosomes |
| Pedigree | a line of ancestors; visual representation. |
| Polygenic | a trait that requires more than one gene |
| Probability | The percent chance of inheriting a trait |
| Phases of Meiosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| Ratio | relation in degree or number between two different things |
| Recessive Gene | the weak form of a gene, which is not expressed when the dominant form is also present. |
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