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BIO102_ecosystems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the nonliving factors with which they interact | ecology |
| Regardless of an ecosystem’s size, its dynamics involve two main processes | energy flow and chemical cycling |
| reflects the trophic structure because it is based on energy losses at each level | pyramid of energy |
| the total rate of photosynthesis for the ecosystem during a specified time interval | gross primary productivity |
| the rate of energy storage in plant tissues in excess of the rate of respiration by the plants themselves | net primary productivity |
| The energy of net primary productivity is stored in | molecular bonds of plant tissues |
| large underground lakes of fresh water | aquifers |
| The oceans are the largest | carbon reservoirs |
| what converts organic N to ammonium | ammonification |
| N cycles through living things in food chain beginning with | plants and algae |
| ___ enrichment on land causes more aggressive species to take over leading to biodiversity loss | nitrogen |
| N enriched ocean water triggers algal blooms leading to | dead zones |
| Phosphorus is a major constituent of nucleic acids like | ATP and phospholipids |
| what is the most important inorganic form of phosphorus? | phosphate |
| ____ can be mined only in China, Morocco, South Africa, & USA | phosporite |
| __ is essential for molecules in many vital processes like DNA synthesis, photosynthesis, O2 transport, & electron transport chain | iron |
| Toxic pollutants accumulate higher up in the food web in | biological magnification |
| skin cancer, cataracts, toxic ground level ozone, wild plant & crop loss are the effects of? | loss of ozone layer |
| ___ fall to earth as precipitation; rain, snow, sleet, fog | acids |
| acidic precipitation has a pH of? | <5.2 |
| in solutions to acid precipitation, factories use ___ to remove S from stack gases | flue gas desulfurization |
| Limestone slurry injected into stack to react with S waste turning it into industrial sulfates in process called | wet scrubbing |
| ___ decreases C available for coral formation, shellfish shells, & plankton photosynthesis | acid formation |
| CO2 absorption in ocean forms | carbonic acid |
| what are these: water vapor, CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, CFC’s | greenhouse gases |
| methane hydrate or fire ice is | methane trapped in ice |
| The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts a temperature increase of __ over next century | 2.5-10F |
| results of long term effect on climate change | ice age |
| what is the system of ocean currents | The thermohaline circulation |
| Climate change drives | human migration |
| Carbon sequestration, Better forest management, Move to alternative energy sources like solar, nuclear, and geothermal energy, More energy efficient buildings are solutions to | climate change |
| wetlands, coral reefs, tropical rainforests, rivers are: | critical ecosystems |
| Areas with soil saturated by water & dominated by anaerobic processes with plants adapted for these conditions | wetlands |
| wetland soil is called | hydric soil |
| ___ one of the most productive, vital, and stressed ecosystems | wetlands |
| Where river deltas meet oceans and the water is brackish | estuaries |
| Areas where a river floods | floodplains |
| Decreases erosive potential, reduces flood levels, & allows groundwater recharge.what wetland function is this? | water storage |
| ____ prevents coastal algal blooms with dead zones | wetland water filtration |
| Fertile soil and abundant water provides habitat for diverse flora and fauna. what wetland function is this? | biological productivity |
| Mangroves, peatlands, and saltmarshes are significant C sinks, sequestering greenhouse gases as wetland plants store C in tissues. what wetland function is this | climate change migration |
| what does wetland climate change migration protect against? | sea level rise and cyclones |
| In densely populated deltas, sea level rise of 1 m from climate change may affect 23.6 million globally & reduce | fertile land |
| the most ancient ecosystem | coral reef |
| the structure of coral is made of | aragonite |
| coral reefs are __ percent earths surface | 1 |
| coral reefs have __ percent of marine fish | 25 |
| why do coral reefs rely on plankton | food and gas exchange |
| Shallow coral rely on symbiotic ___ __ for some nutrition, but also prey on plankton | photosynthetic microbes |
| Very productive despite being in nutrient poor waters due to efficient | nutrient cycling |
| coral reef bacteria produces nitrates by | nitrogen fixation |
| A tropical, tidal, wetland forest | mangrove forests |
| what do mangrove forests prevent | coastal erosion |
| vital habitat for birds, nursery for seafood species and sinks for carbon and heavy metals from rivers, what ecosystem is this? | mangrove forests |
| marine flowering plants that grow in underwater meadows near reefs & mangroves globally | seagrasses |
| Important areas for biodiversity & nutrient cycling | seagrass meadows |
| the global center for marine diversity | coral triangle |
| how many coral species in coral triangle | 600 |
| how many fish species in coral triangle | 3000 |
| Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, & Philipines is where what is located | coral triangle |
| what percent of global freshwater produced by rainforests | 30 |
| rainforests are forests with __ inches of annual rainfall | 80 |
| Soil is very infertile despite biodiversity Rainforest soil is red, Rapid bacterial decay prevents build up of litter and soil, this is the characteristics of a | rainforest |
| Forest area cleared of plants & burned to allow nutrients like C and P to be available for farming | slash and burn agriculture |
| timber sold to finance war or as a tactic to oppress or exterminate those who live in the rainforest | conflict timber |
| A mineral made of niobium and tantalum | coltan |
| Used to make cellphones, laptops, DVD players, pacemakers, hearing aids, GPS, aircraft, etc | coltan |
| Wastes from __ production are major pollutants | palm oil |
| Rainforest Deforestation and the Carbon Cycle are major contributors to: | climate change |
| A travelling body of fresh water that ends at an ocean or lake | rivers |
| drainage basins for most rivers | oceans |
| Highly stressed ecosystems due to damming, diverting, draining, pollution, & overharvest of wildlife | rivers |
| Create diverse habitats due to differences in flow, sediment, light penetration, & depth; creating lots of niche opportunities for species | rivers |
| Land areas on the banks of rivers are called | riparian zones |
| essential habitat for a range of land animals & major migration corridors | riparian zones |
| Rivers exchange nutrients, water, & nutrients with aquifers through areas under river beds called | hyporheic zones |
| Provide vital farmland due to fertile soil from sediment deposition, Discharge high volumes of water into oceans, Dynamic areas due to flooding disturbances, Areas of active human commerce | river delta |
| critical wetland habitat for many species | river delta |
Created by:
jguard423
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