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byzantine empire
wc 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eastern half of split of Rome | byzantine empire |
| the capital of the Byzantine empire | constantinople |
| the emperor during height of rome | justinian |
| the emperor's wife helped to save his throne using political talents and determination; first womens suffrage activist | Theodora |
| the laws of the empire recorded in a collection of books | corpus of civil law |
| church officials such as priests and bishops | clergy |
| church members who were not church officials | laity |
| religious images, in worship; big controversey over this | icons |
| the emperor's wife helped to save his throne using political talents and determination; first womens suffrage activist | Emptheodora |
| believed that the use of religious images encouraged superstittion and idol-worship, so he ordered all such images removed from churches or destroyed | Emperor Leo III |
| major population and lived mainly in the central part of Rome | greeks |
| Also included in the empire... | • Egyptians • Syrians • Arabs • Armenians • Jews • Persians • Slavs • Turks |
| Located on a | peninsula |
| having all these diverse people gave the byzantine empire _______ ________ | international character |
| the narrow strait between the sea of marma and black sea | bosporus |
| The site of capital offered | natural protection from attack by land • Water protected on three sides • Triple walls fortified the side open to attack by land • Later huge chain was strung on narrow mouth of deep harbor on north side for greater protection |
| what was constantinople located near | the centers of early Christianity as well as major trade routes |
| The straits also made the peninsula a ___ ____ __ _____ | natural crossroad for trade |
| why was constantinople built strategically | because it was where asia and euorpe met |
| Constantinople was known as new _____ | rome |
| was called new rome because??? 2 reasons | ○ This was because its emperors were romans who spoke Latin ○ Many wealthy families came from Rome |
| the narrow strait between the sea of marma and black sea | bosporus |
| • Lands that once part of Greek world formed ______ of byz. Emp | heart |
| • The people spoke ____ and stressed _____ heritage | Greek Greek |
| The straits also made the peninsula a ___ ____ __ _____ | natural crossroad for trade |
| • Eventually _____ was emperors officially language used Greek instead of Latin | greek |
| Developed distinct form of Christianity known as __________ _________ | eastern orthodox |
| was called new rome because??? 2 reasons | ○ This was because its emperors were romans who spoke Latin ○ Many wealthy families came from Rome |
| In addition to Greek heritage and religion came cultural influences from _____ | Persia |
| Between ad 500 and AD 1200 the civ was one of most _______- in the world and had higher standard of living than western Europe | advanced |
| • The people spoke ____ and stressed _____ heritage | Greek Greek |
| Developed distinct form of Christianity known as __________ _________ | eastern orthodox |
| In addition to Greek heritage and religion came cultural influences from _____ | Persia |
| the son of prosperous peasants from Macedonia in the western part of the empire | justinian |
| justinians nickname | Emperor Who Never Sleeps |
| justinian was emperor at age | 44 |
| Justinian's wife who was beautiful intelligent and ambitious | theodora |
| Theadora;s occupation | an actress-a profession held in low esteem by empire |
| Theodora was especially concerned with improving the social standing of _____ | women |
| what was decree that theodora got justinian to issue | that gave women right to own land in the value to the wealth she brought with her marriage |
| in what instance did theodora help to save the throne of her husband | tax payers had a huge revolt Justinian was urged to leave built Theodora persuaded to stay in control |
| justinian army crushed rebels which killed | 30,000 people |
| justinian died in AD | 565 |
| During justianains the empire faced serious military threat from the ____ | east |
| Empire of ____ grew and threatened to conquer | persia |
| persia was under rule of | Chosroes |
| byzantine ____ persians | defeated |
| they won after agreed to pay tribute in return for _____ | peace |
| justianian dreamed of conquerring more ____ | land |
| under this gerneral the army became strengthened and reconized | belsarius |
| fought series of war against 3 peoples, ____ ____ and ______ | vandals osthgoths visigoths |
| they ___ and expanded kingdom | won |
| what did the war do to byzantine | it was expensive and depleted resources and funds |
| the emperor ordered _______ | construction |
| they built | ○ New roads ○ Fortresses ○ Aqueducts ○ Monasteries And other buildings |
| § Church § "holy wisdom" § The largest and most beautiful church in the empire § Still stands today § The world's great architechtiul landmarks | Hagia Sophia |
| Preserved Rome's legal heritage & later became the basis for most European legal systems; made by 10 scholars | corpus of civil law or justinians codes |
| ______ were regarded as God's representatives on earth | Emperors |
| Emperors and empresses were crowned by the ______ of Constantinople and took oath to defend Christian faith | patriarch |
| Emperors played major roles in church affairs; 3 major | Appointed church officials Defined the style of worship And used wealth of church for Gov. purpose |
| what emperor strengthened control over church by intervening in disputes over church beliefs. He also tried to unify the empire under one Christian faith | Justinian |
| theologian who wrote many religious articles defending icons | John Damascus |
| The roman's ____ involvement of controversy strained relations between eastern and western | pope |
| approved the use of icons | A church council in Nicaea |
| first woman to hold byzantine thrown- allowed the use of icons | empresses Irene |
| The eastern church further settled the issue allowing the use of _____ but not statues in worship | pictures |
| reasons for schism | use of icons authority over pope vs. patriarch and the pope giving charlamge the title as emperor |
| Germanic Lombard's invaded central ____ | Italy |
| When byz. Emperor refused to give pope protection the pope turned to ______ | franks |
| Germanic catholic people in western Europe | franks |
| three difference that Led to schism | ○ DOCTRINAL ○ POLITICAL ○ GEOGRAPHICAL |
| The byzantine was a brilliant center of ______ and __________ | civilization and literature |
| religious teachings | theology |
| • Life was dived into hierachy of social groups • Could easily switch form one to another Flexibility brought variety and change to byzantine life | byzantine life |
| _______ was center of social life | Family |
| Women lived in partial ____ | seclusion |
| ______ beceme well educated and influential in Gov. | Women |
| temporary soldiers; most were women | regents |
| most made living throught 1 of 3 jobs | farming, herding, laboring |
| Base of economy | agriculture |
| Commerce thrived in Constantinople mainly because it was .... | ○ Site of natural crossroads for trade |
| what did they trade | agricultural goods; and enslaved people |
| nicname for busy harbor | The Golden Horn |
| name some items that came from various places | ○ Brought cloves and sandalwood (east indies) ○ Pepper (india) ○ Copper (" ") ○ Gems (" ") ○ Silk (china) |
| Major industry= | weaving silk |
| ______went to china stole silkworm eggs ○ Hid them in hollow bamboo ○ Smuggled out of china ○ Fed on mulberry leaves ○ Spun silk that made the empire wealthy | monks |
| popular art items | icons; jewel encrusted crosses; and ivory boxes |
| what was man inspiration for art | RELIFIOUS SUBJECTS |
| pictures made of tiny pieces of colored glass or flat stone set in plaster | mosaics |
| books decorate with elaborate designs, beautiful lettering, and miniature paintings | illuminated manuscripts |
| ____ and learning was important | schools |
| established in AD 850; trained scholars and lawyers for Gov. jobs | University of Constantinople |
| Church provided religious schools to train priests and theological scholars the areas covered were: | ○ Religious subjects ○ Medicine ○ Law ○ Philophosy ○ Arithmetic ○ Geometry ○ Astronomy ○ Grammar ○ Music |
| Wealthy people hired tutors espcially _____ because they were not accepted to schools and univerities | daughters |
| Literature focused on salvation of the soul and obedience to God's will | what she said |
| ____ schools for any child | Free |
| Authors wrote about lives of ____- | saints |
| this Provided readers | with moral lessons and accounts of miracles and adventures |
| the first occupation of scholars was | copying the writings of the ancient Greeks and romans |
| By preserving ancient works _______________ and _______the byzantine helped spread classical knowledge to the western world | on science medicine and mathematics |
| religious communities | monastaries |
| monks.... | sought to develop spiritual way of life apart from temptations of world ○ Help others by doing good deeds ○ Set example for Christian living |
| Christian women who did the same were called nuns and lived in their own quarters called _____ | convents |
| the monastaries and convents ran _____ and ________ | hospitals and schools |
| people who carry a religious message to neighboring peoples to convert them to Christian faith | missionaries |
| two famous missionaries | cyrill and methodosious |
| what did cyril and methodosious do | ® They reasoned that Christianity would be more acceptable to Slavic people if it was presented in own language ® Cyril devised alphabet for Slavic languages ® Known today as Cyrillic ® When Cyril and Methodius translated bible and church ceremonies to |
| Byzantine empire suffered form frequent attacks from... | • Lombard's- took over • Slavs • Avars • Bulgars • Persians Arabs- new enemy |
| ____ were at walls of Constantinople | Slavs |
| A brilliant counter attack stopped the ___ advance | slav |
| The ___ entered the scene | Arabs |
| arabs sought to | spread islamic faith and gain wealth |
| the byz. empire lost all land but faithfully defended | constantinople |
| the empire then reduced to just territories that were primarily ____ | Greek |
| the loss of non-Greek land strengthened the empire cause it had one ____, _____,____ | religion, one language, one culture |
| _____ seized italu | normans |
| tried to gain lands with help of venice but | failed |
| Islamic people that defeated Byzantines at manzikert | the seljuk turks |
| who looted burned stole artwork and manuscrpts | christians from west and venetians |
| condemened the christians and venetiNS | Pope Innocent III |
| causes of decline | fighting;the ottoman turks took over provinces; food was scarce; wealth was gone |
| AD ____ Ottomans blew cannons at city walls and Byzantines fought fiercely till last emperor was killed Neighboring kingdoms | 1453 |
| First officially Christian country in the world | armenia |
| Armenian scholar- a monk developed Armenian alphabet | merson |
| Armenia became battlefields among ______, _____, ANd _______ | ottomans, Persians and Russians |
| led the georgians to prosper throgh trade | silk road |
| GEORGIA WAS CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY BY ___ | nino |
| During 1100 and 1200s enjoyed golden age of freedom and culture under | queen tamara |
| georgia fell to | rusian empire |
| slavs and bulgars settled here under king simeon;ottomans invaded | bulgaria |
| accepted cyrilic alphabet; under stefan duscan; battle of kosovo lost to ottomans | serbia |
Created by:
robisonka15