byzantine empire Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
eastern half of split of Rome	byzantine empire
the capital of the Byzantine empire	constantinople
the emperor during height of rome	justinian
the emperor's wife helped to save his throne using political talents and determination; first womens suffrage activist	Theodora
the laws of the empire recorded in a collection of books	corpus of civil law
church officials such as priests and bishops	clergy
church members who were not church officials	laity
religious images, in worship; big controversey over this	icons
the emperor's wife helped to save his throne using political talents and determination; first womens suffrage activist	Emptheodora
believed that the use of religious images encouraged superstittion and idol-worship, so he ordered all such images removed from churches or destroyed	Emperor Leo III
major population and lived mainly in the central part of Rome	greeks
Also included in the empire...	• Egyptians • Syrians • Arabs • Armenians • Jews • Persians • Slavs • Turks
Located on a	peninsula
having all these diverse people gave the byzantine empire _______ ________	international character
the narrow strait between the sea of marma and black sea	bosporus
The site of capital offered	natural protection from attack by land • Water protected on three sides • Triple walls fortified the side open to attack by land • Later huge chain was strung on narrow mouth of deep harbor on north side for greater protection
what was constantinople located near	the centers of early Christianity as well as major trade routes
The straits also made the peninsula a ___ ____ __ _____	natural crossroad for trade
why was constantinople built strategically	because it was where asia and euorpe met
Constantinople was known as new _____	rome
was called new rome because??? 2 reasons	○ This was because its emperors were romans who spoke Latin ○ Many wealthy families came from Rome
the narrow strait between the sea of marma and black sea	bosporus
• Lands that once part of Greek world formed ______ of byz. Emp	heart
• The people spoke ____ and stressed _____ heritage	Greek Greek
The straits also made the peninsula a ___ ____ __ _____	natural crossroad for trade
• Eventually _____ was emperors officially language used Greek instead of Latin	greek
Developed distinct form of Christianity known as __________ _________	eastern orthodox
was called new rome because??? 2 reasons	○ This was because its emperors were romans who spoke Latin ○ Many wealthy families came from Rome
In addition to Greek heritage and religion came cultural influences from _____	Persia
Between ad 500 and AD 1200 the civ was one of most _______- in the world and had higher standard of living than western Europe	advanced
• The people spoke ____ and stressed _____ heritage	Greek Greek
Developed distinct form of Christianity known as __________ _________	eastern orthodox
In addition to Greek heritage and religion came cultural influences from _____	Persia
the son of prosperous peasants from Macedonia in the western part of the empire	justinian
justinians nickname	Emperor Who Never Sleeps
justinian was emperor at age	44
Justinian's wife who was beautiful intelligent and ambitious	theodora
Theadora;s occupation	an actress-a profession held in low esteem by empire
Theodora was especially concerned with improving the social standing of _____	women
what was decree that theodora got justinian to issue	that gave women right to own land in the value to the wealth she brought with her marriage
in what instance did theodora help to save the throne of her husband	tax payers had a huge revolt Justinian was urged to leave built Theodora persuaded to stay in control
justinian army crushed rebels which killed	30,000 people
justinian died in AD	565
During justianains the empire faced serious military threat from the ____	east
Empire of ____ grew and threatened to conquer	persia
persia was under rule of	Chosroes
byzantine ____ persians	defeated
they won after agreed to pay tribute in return for _____	peace
justianian dreamed of conquerring more ____	land
under this gerneral the army became strengthened and reconized	belsarius
fought series of war against 3 peoples, ____ ____ and ______	vandals osthgoths visigoths
they ___ and expanded kingdom	won
what did the war do to byzantine	it was expensive and depleted resources and funds
the emperor ordered _______	construction
they built	○ New roads ○ Fortresses ○ Aqueducts ○ Monasteries And other buildings
§ Church § "holy wisdom" § The largest and most beautiful church in the empire § Still stands today § The world's great architechtiul landmarks	Hagia Sophia
Preserved Rome's legal heritage & later became the basis for most European legal systems; made by 10 scholars	corpus of civil law or justinians codes
______ were regarded as God's representatives on earth	Emperors
Emperors and empresses were crowned by the ______ of Constantinople and took oath to defend Christian faith	patriarch
Emperors played major roles in church affairs; 3 major	Appointed church officials Defined the style of worship And used wealth of church for Gov. purpose
what emperor strengthened control over church by intervening in disputes over church beliefs. He also tried to unify the empire under one Christian faith	Justinian
theologian who wrote many religious articles defending icons	John Damascus
The roman's ____ involvement of controversy strained relations between eastern and western	pope
approved the use of icons	A church council in Nicaea
first woman to hold byzantine thrown- allowed the use of icons	empresses Irene
The eastern church further settled the issue allowing the use of _____ but not statues in worship	pictures
reasons for schism	use of icons authority over pope vs. patriarch and the pope giving charlamge the title as emperor
Germanic Lombard's invaded central ____	Italy
When byz. Emperor refused to give pope protection the pope turned to ______	franks
Germanic catholic people in western Europe	franks
three difference that Led to schism	○ DOCTRINAL ○ POLITICAL ○ GEOGRAPHICAL
The byzantine was a brilliant center of ______ and __________	civilization and literature
religious teachings	theology
• Life was dived into hierachy of social groups • Could easily switch form one to another Flexibility brought variety and change to byzantine life	byzantine life
_______ was center of social life	Family
Women lived in partial ____	seclusion
______ beceme well educated and influential in Gov.	Women
temporary soldiers; most were women	regents
most made living throught 1 of 3 jobs	farming, herding, laboring
Base of economy	agriculture
Commerce thrived in Constantinople mainly because it was ....	○ Site of natural crossroads for trade
what did they trade	agricultural goods; and enslaved people
nicname for busy harbor	The Golden Horn
name some items that came from various places	○ Brought cloves and sandalwood (east indies) ○ Pepper (india) ○ Copper (" ") ○ Gems (" ") ○ Silk (china)
Major industry=	weaving silk
______went to china stole silkworm eggs ○ Hid them in hollow bamboo ○ Smuggled out of china ○ Fed on mulberry leaves ○ Spun silk that made the empire wealthy	monks
popular art items	icons; jewel encrusted crosses; and ivory boxes
what was man inspiration for art	RELIFIOUS SUBJECTS
pictures made of tiny pieces of colored glass or flat stone set in plaster	mosaics
books decorate with elaborate designs, beautiful lettering, and miniature paintings	illuminated manuscripts
____ and learning was important	schools
established in AD 850; trained scholars and lawyers for Gov. jobs	University of Constantinople
Church provided religious schools to train priests and theological scholars the areas covered were:	○ Religious subjects ○ Medicine ○ Law ○ Philophosy ○ Arithmetic ○ Geometry ○ Astronomy ○ Grammar ○ Music
Wealthy people hired tutors espcially _____ because they were not accepted to schools and univerities	daughters
Literature focused on salvation of the soul and obedience to God's will	what she said
____ schools for any child	Free
Authors wrote about lives of ____-	saints
this Provided readers	with moral lessons and accounts of miracles and adventures
the first occupation of scholars was	copying the writings of the ancient Greeks and romans
By preserving ancient works _______________ and _______the byzantine helped spread classical knowledge to the western world	on science medicine and mathematics
religious communities	monastaries
monks....	sought to develop spiritual way of life apart from temptations of world ○ Help others by doing good deeds ○ Set example for Christian living
Christian women who did the same were called nuns and lived in their own quarters called _____	convents
the monastaries and convents ran _____ and ________	hospitals and schools
people who carry a religious message to neighboring peoples to convert them to Christian faith	missionaries
two famous missionaries	cyrill and methodosious
what did cyril and methodosious do	® They reasoned that Christianity would be more acceptable to Slavic people if it was presented in own language ® Cyril devised alphabet for Slavic languages ® Known today as Cyrillic ® When Cyril and Methodius translated bible and church ceremonies to
Byzantine empire suffered form frequent attacks from...	• Lombard's- took over • Slavs • Avars • Bulgars • Persians Arabs- new enemy
____ were at walls of Constantinople	Slavs
A brilliant counter attack stopped the ___ advance	slav
The ___ entered the scene	Arabs
arabs sought to	spread islamic faith and gain wealth
the byz. empire lost all land but faithfully defended	constantinople
the empire then reduced to just territories that were primarily ____	Greek
the loss of non-Greek land strengthened the empire cause it had one ____, _____,____	religion, one language, one culture
_____ seized italu	normans
tried to gain lands with help of venice but	failed
Islamic people that defeated Byzantines at manzikert	the seljuk turks
who looted burned stole artwork and manuscrpts	christians from west and venetians
condemened the christians and venetiNS	Pope Innocent III
causes of decline	fighting;the ottoman turks took over provinces; food was scarce; wealth was gone
AD ____ Ottomans blew cannons at city walls and Byzantines fought fiercely till last emperor was killed Neighboring kingdoms	1453
First officially Christian country in the world	armenia
Armenian scholar- a monk developed Armenian alphabet	merson
Armenia became battlefields among ______, _____, ANd _______	ottomans, Persians and Russians
led the georgians to prosper throgh trade	silk road
GEORGIA WAS CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY BY ___	nino
During 1100 and 1200s enjoyed golden age of freedom and culture under	queen tamara
georgia fell to	rusian empire
slavs and bulgars settled here under king simeon;ottomans invaded	bulgaria
accepted cyrilic alphabet; under stefan duscan; battle of kosovo lost to ottomans	serbia

Created by: robisonka15