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Chp.29

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Immune system a system of cells and tissues that acts to defend the body against foreign cells and infectious agents.
Immunity the resistance to a given pathogen conferred by the activity of the immune system.
Pathogen infectious agents including certain viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Many can trigger an immune response.
Innate Immunity nonspecific defenses, such as physical and chemical barriers and phagocytic cells, that are present from birth and are always active.
Adaptive Immunity a protective response, mediated by lymphocytes, that confers long-lasting immunity against specific pathogens.
Lymphocyte a specialized white blood cell of the immune system.
Histamine a molecule released by damaged tissue and during allergic reactions.
Inflammatory Response an innate defense that is activated by local tissue damage.
Phagocyte a type of white blood cell that engulfs and ingests damaged cells and pathogens.
Macrophage a phagocytic cell that resides in tissues and plays an important role in the inflammatory response.
Neutrophil a phagocytic cell in the circulation that plays an important role in the inflammatory response.
Natural Killer Cell a type of white blood cell that acts during the innate immune response to find and destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells.
Interferon antiviral proteins produced by virally infected cells to help protect adjacent cells from becoming infected.
Complement Proteins proteins in blood that help destroy pathogens by coating or puncturing them.
B cells white blood cells that mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies during the adaptive immune response.
Thymus the organ in which T cells mature.
T cells white blood cells that mature in the thymus and can destroy infected cells or stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, depending on the type of T cell.
Lymph nodes small organs in the lymphatic system where B and T cells may encounter pathogens.
Lymphatic system the organ system that works with the immune system, allowing B and T cells to respond to pathogens.
Humoral Immunity the type of adaptive immunity that fights infections and other foreign substances in the circulation and lymph fluid.
Helper T cell a type of T cell that helps activate B cells during humoral responses.
Antigen a specific molecule (or part of a molecule) to which specific antibodies can bind, and against which an adaptive response is mounted.
Plasma cell an activated B cell that divides rapidly and secretes an abundance of antibodies.
Antibody a protein produced by B cells that binds to antigens and either neutralizes them or flags other cells to destroy pathogens.
Cell-mediated immunity the type of adaptive immunity that rids that body of altered (that is infected or foreign) cells.
Cytotoxic T cells a type of T cell that destroys altered cells, including virally infected cells.
Allergy a misdirected immune response against environmental substances such as dust, pollen, and foods that causes discomfort in the form of physical symptoms.
Autoimmune disease a misdirected immune response in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells.
Primary response the adaptive response mounted the first time a particular antigen is encountered by the immune system.
Memory cell a long-lived B or T cell that is produced during the primary response and that is rapidly activated in the secondary response.
Secondary response the rapid and strong response mounted when a particular antigen is encountered by the immune system subsequent to the first encounter.
Vaccine a preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms or viruses that is given to people or animals to generate a memory immune response.
Antigenic drift changes in viral antigens caused by genetic mutation during normal viral replication.
Antigenic shift changes in antigens that occur when viruses exchange genetic material with other strains.
Created by: kbtwomey
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