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Chp.2

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Homeostasis the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.
Energy the ability to do work. Living organisms obtain energy from food, which they either make using the energy of sunlight or consume from the environment.
Metabolism all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy.
Element a chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down; each element is made up of and defined by a single type of atom.
Matter anything that takes up space and has mass.
Atom the smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units.
Proton a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron a negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass.
Neutron an electrically uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleus the dense core of an atom.
Covalent bond a strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
Molecule atoms linked by covalent bonds.
Organic molecule a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond.
Inorganic molecule a molecule that lacks a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds.
Carbohydrate an organic molecule made up of one or more sugars. A one-sugar carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide; a carbohydrate with multiple linked sugars is called a polysaccharide.
Protein an organic molecule made up of linked amino acids subunits.
Lipids organic molecules that generally repel water.
Nucleic Acids organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits; DNA and RNA are examples.
Macromolecules large organic molecules that make up living organisms; they include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Monomer one chemical subunit of a polymer.
Polymer a molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain.
Monosaccharide the building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate.
Amino Acid the building block, or monomer, of a carbohydrate.
Nucleotide the building block, or monomer, of a nucleic acid.
Cell the basic structural unit of living organisms.
Phospholipid a type of lipid that forms the cell membrane.
Phospholipid Bilayer a double layer of lipid molecules that characterizes all biological membranes.
Hydrophobic “water fearing”; will not dissolve in water.
Hydrophilic “water loving”; will dissolve in water.
Solvent a substance in which other substances can dissolve; for example water.
Solute a dissolved substance.
Solution a mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent.
Polar molecule a molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other; for example, water.
Ionic bond a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ion an electrically charged atom, the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons.
Hydrogen bond a weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and another atom with a partial negative charge.
pH a measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution.
Acid a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more acidic.
Base a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more basic.
Virus an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information.
Prion a protein-only infectious agent.
Created by: kbtwomey
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