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bi240 local vs syste
grcc bi240 local vs systemic effects of inflammation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vascular changes, dilute toxins, carry plasma proteins &WBC's to site, carry debris away | Local effects of inflammation result in |
| What are the acute phase reactants | fibronogen, c-reative protein and cerulosplasmin |
| S&sx of local inflammation | redness, swelling, serous, fibrinous, purulent, abscess, hemorrhagic, pain |
| Redness | Erythemia/warmth due to increased blood flow to the area. |
| Swelling/edema | shift of protein + fluid into interstitial space (exudate) |
| exudate | fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation |
| serous | watery fluids with proteins and wbc |
| purulent | pus that includes WBC + cell debris + microorganisms |
| Abscess | Pocket of purulent exudate |
| Hemorrhagic | Bloody- due to damaged blood vessels. |
| Fluid exerts pressure on nerves and irritation by chemical mediators | Pain |
| lack of nutrients or mechanical disruption | loss of function |
| Systemic effects of inflammation | fever, leukocytosis, increased plasma proteins, hypothalamus resets, increase temp impedes bact growth, malaise, fatigue and anorexia |
| systemic affect: fever | aka pyrexia is usually low grade (mild) |
| systemic affect: leukocytosis | WBC's produce pyrogens (interleukins-1)- it is a substance that induces fever. |
| systemic affect: plasma proteins (Complement system) | increase |
| systemic affect: Hypothalamus | resets thermostat to higher body temp. The higher temp impairs growth/reproduction of pathogenic organism |
| systemic affect:malaise | just don't feel well |
| Diagnostic test that indicates there is an underlying infectioin where the wound is located | Increased WBC |
| Diagnostic test that gives proportion of WBC and helps to distinguish between bacterial/viral or allergic response | CBC with differential |
| Increase eosionophils indicate | allergic reaction (usually) |
| Increase in immature neutrophils means | bacterial infection |
| Increased ESR indicates what? | inflammation |
| inflammation | Increased level of serum C-reactive protein indicates what? |
| Inflammation will show an increase in what type of cells? | abnormal cells |
| Inflammation will show an increase of plasma proteins (fibrogens, prothrombin and alpha-antitrypsin) because | this is a response by the liver to increase protein synthesis. |
| An increased value of enzymes & iso-enzymes indicates | severe inflammation and necrosis that are released from damaged cells |
| Increased value of enzymes & iso-enzymes is helpful in identifying what? | Specific site of necrosis |
| A lab value that is specific to a site of necrosis is | CK-Mb (enzymes) which indicates an MI; |
| A lab value that indicates necrosis, but is not specific is | AST which indicates liver disease &/or MI |
| Complication of acute inflammation | necrosis, infection, skeletal muscle spasms and local effects. |
| Acute inflammation: necrosis | ulcers or erosian of tissue leads to perforation (erosian through wall) |
| Acute Inflammation: infection | Micro-organisms can enter inflammed tissue easier |
| What are barriers in fighting infection. | Lack of blood supply (i.e. DM) due to damage |
| What do foreign bodies do when there is infection? | introduce microbes which resist phagocytosis. |
| Complication of infection is that some microbes resist? | Phagocytosis |
| Exudate is another complication of infection because | it is an excellent medium for microbes to colonize area. |
| Complication of inflammation if there is a sprain, tendinitis or fractures are | muscle spasms |
| Local effects of inflammation with regards to lungs impairs | expansion and diffusion of oxygen |
| local effects of inflammation with regards to joint impairs | ROM |
| Chronic inflammation developes following what? | acute inflammation or secondary to chronic irritation (i.e smoking, certain bacteria, or abnormal immune response) |
| Characteristics of chronic inflammation include | less swelling |
| Characteristics of chronic inflammation will have an increase level of | lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts & more tissue destruction |
| There will be more tissue destruction with | chronic inflammation |
| more collagen production in an area of chronic inflammation there will be | more scar tissue formation |
| Granuloma may form due to chronic inflammation because | neutrophils and macrophages are unable to destroy microorganisms |
Created by:
Wends1984
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