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biology chapter 36
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are nutrients? | A nutrient is a substance that the body requires for energy, growth, repair, and maintenance. |
| What is a calorie? | A calorie is a unit for measuring energy. |
| Which three nutrients provide most of the energy and building blocks for the body? | carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. |
| Carbohydrates are made up of _____ molecules. | Sugar |
| Glucose is a ______ sugar that cells use for energy | simple |
| starch and cellulose are ______ carbohydrates. | complex |
| the body can make only some of the 20 ________ required to make proteins. | amino acids |
| _______ amino acids must be obtained from food. | essential |
| the body uses the lipids in fats to _________ energy ______ organs, and dissolve fat-soluble ________ | store, padding and insulating, vitamins |
| naturally occurring inorganic substances that are not made by the body are called _____. | minerals |
| ________ helps regulate water balance and nerve function in the body. | sodium |
| a healthy boy requires both good _______ and regular ______ _______ | nutrition, physical activity |
| The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use is called _______ | digestion |
| ________ ffdigestion involves breaking the chemical bonds in food. | chemical |
| examples of ______ digestion are chewing food in the mouth and churching food in the stomach. | mechanical. |
| digestion begins in the _____.. | mouth. |
| saliva contains ____, enzymes that start the chemical breakdown of starches.. | .amylasis |
| the _______ is a long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach | esophagus. |
| successive rhythmic waves of smooth muscle contractions in the esophagus are called ________ | peristalsis. |
| what role toes the pancreas play in digestion? | secretes several digestive enzymes into the small intestine. |
| Excretion | the process that rids the body of metabolic wastes |
| nutrient | a substance the body needs for growth, energy, repair, and maintenance. |
| digestion | the process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use. |
| nephron | tiny tube that filters blood. |
| calorie | unit of measuring energy. |
| a tube of smooth muscle that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is a | ureter |
| the small intestine is lined with fingerlike projections called | villi |
| urinary bladder | a muscular sac that stores urine |
| the long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is the | esophagus |
| the wavelike contractions of smooth muscle that move food down the esophagus are called | peristalsis |
| your body needs vitamins and minerals because | they give the body energy |
| a kidney dialysis machine | removes wastes from the blood |
| food passes form the stomach directly into the | small intestine |
| about half your diet should be made up of | grains and vegetables |
| a mineral that the body needs to work properly is | calcium |
| organs of excretion (gets rid of wastes) | the kidneys |
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