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Science - Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the passing of traits from one generation to the next | heredity |
| traits that offspring receive from their parents | inherited traits |
| a way of acting or behaving with which an animal is born | instinct |
| a behavior that devolps during an animal's lifetime | learned behavior |
| when an animal is born/hatched, they learn to recognize and follow their mother | imprinting |
| Mendel discovered that each inherited trait, one from each part, is controlled by | factors |
| today scientists refer to Mendel's factors as what | genes |
| genes are found in the nucleus of the cell and stored here | chromosomes |
| a trait that masks another trait | dominant trait |
| a trait that is masked | recessive trait |
| in pea plants, purple flowers are a dominant trait and white flowers are a recessive trait. the white trait is represented by p and the purple trait is by ? | PP |
| a chart used to trace the history of traits in a family | pedigree |
| on a pedigree chart, horizontal lines connect parents and vertical lines connect parents to this | offspring |
| males represented by squares, and what is represented by circles | females |
| dimples are a dominant trait, represented by the letter D. a child who is a carrier of the recessive trait is represented by | Dd |
| contains the chemical instructions for an inherited trait | gene |
| individual who has inherited a gene for a trait, but does not show the trait physically | carrier |
| the development of a seed into a new plant | germination |
| a stage of metamorphosis where the organism is similar to an adult for but is smaller | nymph |
| the four stages of complete metamorphosis | egg, larva, pupa, adult |
| a series of distinct growth stages that are different from one another | metamorphosis |
| the transfer of a pollen grain to the egg-producing part of a plant | pollination |
| the process in which sperm and egg cells come together outside of the females body | external fertilization |
| a thin plant stem that puts down roots and gives rise to new plants | runner |
| a developing organism that results from fertilization | embryo |
| the joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell to make one new cell, a fertilized egg | fertilization |
| a butterfly hatches from an egg as a larva. the larva feeds and grows until it forms a | pupa |
| inside the pupa, a larva's body changes completely into ? | an adult butterfly |
| grasshoppers emerge from their eggs as this, that is similar to the adult BUT lack wing and reproductive organs | nymph |
| sperm and egg celss must stay protected and ??? for fertilization to occur | wet |
| fish and amphibians release their sex cells into the surrounding water, where this takes place | external fertilization |
| fish and amphibians must realease large amounts of sex cells because the chances of this in open water are low | fertilization |
| the joining of sperm and egg cells inside the female's body | internal fertilization |
| animals that use internal ferilization | reptiles, birds, mammals |
| increases the chances that eggs will be fertilized and offspring will survive | internal fertilization |
| animals that lay their eggs in open water | fish and amphibians |
| this provides food for a developing embryo | egg's yolk |
| reptiles and birds have eggs filled with ??? and surrounded by ??? so their eggs can laid on land | jelly-like liquid and shell |
| their embryos develop inside the mother | most mammals |
| the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell into a single unit | fertilization |
| What is an organism that can reproduce through budding? | sponges |
| What is one advantage of sexual reproduction? | the offspring share traits of both parents |
| cells that can develop into new individuals without ferilization | spores |
| the female part of a flower | pistal |
| why do plants produce nectar? | to attract pollinators |
| which of the following is part of a seed? embryo plant, pistil, seed membrane, anther | seed membrane |
| how are nymphs different from adult insects | they have no wings or sex organs |
| which kind of animals release their sex cells into water | fish and amphibians |
| which of the following animals produces a hard-shelled egg the matures outside the mother? salmon, bullfrog, robin, lion | robin |
| the purpose of an egg yolk is to | feed the growing embryo |
| Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior? an oriole builds a hanging nest; a dog comes when it is called; a baby takes its first breath; a rabbit hides from danger | a dog comes when it is called |
| imprinting is an example of a... | learned behavior |
| Gregor Mendel discovered...organisms, have dominant and recessive traits; organisms can learn behaviors; genes are parts of chromosomes; genes are chemical instructions for cells | that organisms have dominant and recessive traits |
| any characteristic of a living thing | trait |
| the production of a new organism from one parent | asexual reproduction |
| how bacteria reproduce | splitting |
| a bud growing from a fungus to become a new individual | budding |
| a new plant growing from a leaf | vegetative propagation |
| a new organism from two parents | sexual reproduction |
| a cone-bearing tree | conifer |
| the tiny offspring inside a see that can grow into a new plant | embryo |
| development of a seed into a new plant | germination |
| contain a flowering plant's sperm cells | pollen |
| seeds with two cotyledons | dicot |
| seeds with one cotyledon | monocot |
| the tough, outer covering on a seed | seed coat |
Created by:
tgreen69
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