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Chapter 12 Kate Hill
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weather | The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc. |
| Atmosphere | The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet: "part of the sun's energy is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere". |
| Ozone layer | A layer of atmosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. |
| Water vapor | water in a vaporous form diffused in the atmosphere but below boiling temperature. |
| Photochemical smog | Smog is a type of air pollution; the word "smog" is a portmanteau of smoke and fog |
| Acid Rain | Rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes. |
| Pressure | the force exerted on a certain object. |
| Air pressure | atmospheric pressure that is exerted by the atmosphere |
| Barometer | An instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used esp. in forecasting the weather and determining altitude. |
| Mercury Barometer | barometer that shows pressure by the height of a column of mercury. |
| Aneroid Barometer | a barometer that measures pressure without using fluids. |
| Altitude | The height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level. |
| Jet stream | A high-speed, meandering wind current, generally moving from a westerly direction at speeds often exceeding 400 kilometers (250 miles) per hour at altitudes of 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles). |
| Troposphere | the lowest densest part of the earth's atmosphere in which most weather changes occur and temperature generally decreases rapidly with altitude and which extends from the earth's surface to the bottom of the stratosphere |
| Stratosphere | the part of the earth's atmosphere which extends from the top of the troposphere to about 30 miles (50 kilometers) above the surface and in which temperature increases gradually to about 32° F (0° C) and clouds rarely form |
| Mesosphere | the part of the earth's atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute |
| Thermosphere | the part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height |
| Ionosphere | : the part of the earth's atmosphere in which ionization of atmospheric gases affects the propagation of radio waves, which extends from about 30 miles (50 kilometers) to the exosphere |
| Exosphere | : the outer fringe region of the atmosphere of the earth or a celestial body (as a planet) |
| Electromagnet wave | A soft metal core made into a magnet by the passage of electric current through a coil surrounding it. |
| Radiation | The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles. |
| Infrared Radiation | infrared: electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves. |
| Ultraviolet radiation | ultraviolet: radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays. |
| Scattering | The spreading of a stream of particles or a beam of rays, as of light, over a range of directions as a result of collisions with other particles |
| Thermal Energy | The energy emitted from the fireball as thermal radiation. The total amount of thermal energy received per unit area at a specified distance from a nuclear explosion is generally expressed in terms of calories per square centimeter. |
| Conduction | The transmission or conveying of something through a medium or passage, especially the transmission of electric charge or heat through a conducting medium without perceptible motion of the medium itself. |
| Convection | the circulatory motion that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity |
| Wind | The perceptible natural movement of the air, esp. in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction: "an easterly wind". |
| Anemometer | An instrument for measuring the speed of the wind, or of any current of gas. |
| Wind chill factor | is the felt air temperature on exposed skin due to wind. The wind chill temperature is always lower than the air temperature, and the windchill is undefined at the higher temps (above 10 °C [50 °F]) |
| Local wind | one of a number of winds that are influenced predominantly by the topographic features of a relatively small region. |
| Sea Breeze | A breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, esp. during the day owing to the relative warmth of the land. |
| Land Breeze | A breeze blowing toward the sea from the land. |
| Global wind | are winds that blow From the poles, in which they act as a heat transfer system. |
| Latitude | The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes. |
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