Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ba240 inflammation
GRCC BA240 Inflammation and healing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| exotoxins | produced/secreted by gram positive bacteria |
| endotoxins | component of cell wall of gram (-) cells |
| endospores | latent forms of some bacterial species with an outer coat that is resistant to heat and other environmental conditions |
| prions | proteinaceous agents that are transmitted by the consumption of contaminated tissue. |
| virulence | degree or measurement of pathogenicity (microbe that causes disease) of a microbe or pathogen |
| bacteriostatic | drugs that inhibit bacterial reproduction, the body's own defense cells will destroy the organisms. |
| dissemination (spreading)of the disease in the host the process of infection: | colonization, invasion, multiplication, spread |
| Dissemination (clinical infectious disease) have different stages | incubation, prodromal, invasion, convalescence |
| Dissemination of infectious disease: Incubation period | exposure to onset of sx |
| Dissemination of infectious disease:prodromal stage | occurence of initial sx |
| Dissemination of infectious disease: invasion period | colonization, immune/inflamatory response, sx related to pathogen |
| Dissemination of infectious disease: convalescence | sx decline, recovery of health |
| Counter-measures against infection | antimicrobials, immunizations, infection control |
| antimicrobials | bactericidal/bacteriostatic antibiotics |
| Human defense mechanisms are either | innate & acquired immunity |
| How many levels of innate immunity? | First and second line of defense |
| List some innate mechanism that are the first line of defense? | skin and MM, perspiration, saliva, tears, secretions, epithelial cells, normal bacterial flora. |
| List some innate mechanism that are the second line of defense? | phagocytosis, inflammatory response, vascular response, 3 plasma proteins, opsonization. |
| 2nd line of defense: phagocytosis | neutrophils & macrophages randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris or foreign matter |
| 2nd line of defense: Inflammatory | this is as a rapid response, nonspecific & no memory cells. |
| 2nd line of defense: Vascular response | vasodilation leads to capillary permeability and WBC adhere to inner vessel walls & migrate through vessels. |
| 2nd line of defense: 3 plasma proteins | systems that provide biochemical barrier against pathogens (i.e. clotting, complement and kinin systems. |
| How do plasma proteins work | they work with each other as well as with antimicrobial pepetids and cell components to prevent infection. |
| opsonization | the process in which bacteria are altered and by oposins to become easily engulfed by phagocytosis. |
| 2nd line of defense: activation of complement | results in opsonization, cell lysis and leukocyte chemotaxis. |
| Acquired immunity is what type of defense? | It is the third line of defense. |
| Third line of defense is an acquired immunity is what type of system? | it is an innate system that signals cells of acquired/adaptive system producing a response that is VERY SPECIFIC towards an antigen, confers "memory" by T and Lymphocytes, antibodies & complement. |
| Third line of defense: Immune system | Immune response |
| Third line of defense: Cell mediated | activates macrophages, natural kill cells and T cells |
| Third line of defense: Humoral | Secretes antibodies (b-cell) ; B- Cells transform to plasma which secrete antibodies. |
| chemotaxis | smoke signal; chemicals send signals after injury that triggers immune response. (i.e. WBC released and phagocytize) |
| When does injury or disease occur? | if all defenses are overcome |
| Examples of barriers | digestive, respiratory, gi tracts, & skin form closed barriers between internal organs & environment |
| What are some extrinsic causes of disease (comes from outside of body) | Cells, toxins, proteins...pretty much any mode via orifices as mode of entry. |
| precapillary sphincter | restricts blood flow into capillary bed |
| hydrostatic pressure & osmotic pressure influence what? | the movement of fluid, electrolytes, oxygen, and nutrients. |
| What difference in number of dissolved substances in the tissues influence capillary exchange? | intersitial fluid and blood promote diffusion of substances across capillary membrane. |
| What substances move out of capillary membrane? | electrolytes, glucose, oxygen & nutrients. |
| What substances remain in the capillary? | albumin, globulin, fibrinogen |
| mast cells contain which chemicals that is involved in the immune response | Histamine, chemotactic factors, leukotriens, prostaglandins |
| Histamine is released from mast cells | causes vasodilation and increases capillary permeability. |
| Chemotactic Factors released from mast cells | attract neutrophils to site |
| Leukotrienes released from mast cells | responds later: vasodilation, Increase capillary, permeability, & chemotaxis....response is longer than histamine response. |
| Antihistamine | inhibits mast cell from breaking open. |
| Prostaglandins | Causes vasodilation, increases capillary permeability, pain, fever, and potentiates histamine effect. |
| Platelet activating factor | platelet aggregation. |
| cytokines | Increase plasma proteins, ESR, induce fever, chemotaxis (moves WBC) & leukocytes (increase WBC) |
| Kinins | activates plasma protein which induces vasodilation, increases capillary permeability, pain and chemotaxis |
| complement system | activates plasma protein cascade, vasodilation, increases cap permeability, chemotaxis, and Increase histamine release. |
Created by:
Wends1984
Popular Nursing sets