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Anatomy 225 lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superior | above |
| Inferior | below |
| Anterior | front |
| Posterior | back |
| Medial | toward |
| Lateral | away |
| Proximal | near (limbs) |
| Distal | far (limbs) |
| Superficial | external |
| Deep | internal |
| Frontal | in half (standing sideways) |
| Transverse | in half (like ghost movie) |
| Median | down the middle |
| Dorsal body cavity | cranial cavity and vertebral cavity |
| Ventral body cavity | abdomniopelvic cavity and thoratic cavity |
| Nervous system | brain, spinal cord, spleen |
| Endocrine system | thyroid gland, pancreas, ardeanal gland |
| Skeletal system | vertebra |
| Respiratory system | bronchus, trachea, lung |
| Digestive system | esophagus, stomach, small &large intestine, liver |
| Cardiovascular system | heart |
| Urinary System | gall bladder, kidneys, urinary bladder, rectum |
| Thoracic cavity | separated by dome shaped diaphragm;superior to heart and lungs |
| Abdomniopelvic cavity | inferior to diaphragm |
| Abdominal cavity | houses stomach, intestines, liver and others |
| Pelvic Cavity | enclosed by pelvis and contains organs bladder and rectum |
| Serous membrane | exceedingly thin double layered membrane covering the outer surface of organs and walls of the ventral body cavity |
| Cranial Cavity | encloses brain |
| Vertebral cavity | spinal cord |
| Right upper quadrant contains | gall bladder, little stomach, liver |
| Right Lower quadrant | some small intestines, ascending large intestine, cecum, appendix, and some urinary bladder |
| Lower Left Quadrant | some urinary bladder, initial part of sigmoid colon, descending large intestine |
| Upper Left Quadrant | diaphragm, stomach, transverse large intestine |
| Ventrical Body Cavity Contains | diaphragm, thymus, heart, lungs, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, stomach, greater opentum,small and large intestine, and cecum |
| Diaphragm | thin muscle attached to inferior boundry of rib cage that separates thoratic and abdomnipelvic cavities |
| Thymus | irregular mass of glandular tissue overlaying heart |
| Heart | medial over structure enclosed with pericardium |
| Lungs | on either side of the heart |
| Trachea | windpipe running medially down the throat |
| Bronchi | two passageways that plunge laterally into the tissue of lungs |
| Esophagus | food chute,transports food from pharynx to stomach |
| Stomach | curved organ important in food digestion and storage |
| Greater opentum | an extention of peritoneum that covers abdominal verscera |
| Small intestine | connected to stomach and ending just before saclike cecum |
| Large intestine | large muscular tube connected to small intestine and ends at anus |
| Cecum | initial part of large intestine |
| Rectum | terminal part of the large intestine continuous with the anal cavity |
| Anus | opening of the digestive tract to the exterior |
| Mesentery | apronlike serous membrane suspends many digestive organs in abdominal cavity |
| Pancreas | diffuse gland; rests dorsal to and in the mesentery between the first portion of the small intestine and stomach |
| Spleen | dark red organ curving around the left lateral side of the stomach |
| Liver | large brown red most superior organ in abdominal cavity;directly beneath diaphragm |
| Kidneys | bean shaped organs; retroperitoneal |
| Adrenal glands | large endocrine glands that set astride the superior margin of each kidney |
| Ureter | tube running from kidney to bladder |
| Inferior vena cova | large vein that runs blood to the heart fromlower regions of the body |
| Descending aorta | deep to inferior vena cava the largest artery of the body; carries blood away from the heart down midline of body |
| Epithelial membrane | serous=visceral,paterial;mucous;cutaneous(skin);synovial membranes |
| Serous membrane | covers walls of ventral body cavity |
| Parietal membrane | lines cavity |
| Visceral membrane | lines organs |
| Peritoneum | abdominal |
| Pleura | lung |
| Pericardium | heart |
| Mucous membrane | composed of epithial cells;lines respiratory and digestive |
| Synovial membrane | composed of connective tissue;no epithelial cells; lines joints |
| Base | supports microscope |
| Substage light or mirror | located at base and with it light passes directly upward through the microscope |
| Stage | platform the side rests on while being viewed |
| Condenser | small substage lens that concentrates the light on the specimen |
| Iris diaphragm lever | arm attached to the condenser that regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser |
| Coarse adjustment knob | used to focus on specimen |
| Fine adjustment knob | used for precise focusing after coarse focusing |
| Head or body tube | supports the objective lens system and oceular lens or lenses |
| Arm | vertical portion of microscope connecting base to head |
| Ocular | two lenses at superior end of head |
| Pointer | specific area of viewed specimen |
| Nose piece | rotating mechanism at base of head |
| Objective lense | adjustable lens system that permits use of other lenses |
| Real image | magnifies specimen projected to the ocular |
| Virtual image | real image modified by lenses |
| Total magnification | power of ocular lens multiplied by the power of objective lens used |
| Resolution | resolving power |
| Axial | head neck trunk axis of body |
| Appendicular | relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis |
| Abdominal | anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs |
| Acromial | pertaining to point of shoulder |
| Antebrachial | pertaining to forearm |
| Antecubital | pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow |
| Axillary | armpit |
| Brachial | arm |
| Buccal | cheeck |
| Carpal | wrist |
| Cephalic | head |
| Cervical | neck region |
| Coxal | hip |
| Crural | leg |
| Digital | fingers or toes |
| Femoral | thigh |
| Fibular | side of leg |
| Frontal | forehead |
| Hallux | great toe |
| Inguinal | groin |
| Mammary | breat |
| Manus | hand |
| Mental | chin |
| Nasal | nose |
| Oral | mouth |
| Orbital | bony eye socket |
| Palmar | palm of the hand |
| Patellar | palm of hand |
| Pedal | foot |
| Pelvic | pelvis region |
| Pollex | thumb |
| Pubic | genital region |
| Sternal | breastbone |
| Tarsal | ankle |
| Thoratic | chest |
| Umbilical | navel |
| Calcaneal | heel of foot |
| Dorsum | back |
| Gluteal | butt |
| Lumbar | between hips and ribs |
| Occipital | base of skull |
| Olecranal | posterior elbow |
| Otic | ear |
| Perineal | between anus and external genetalia |
| Plantar | sole of foot |
| Poptical | back of knee |
| Sacral | between the hips |
| Scapular | shoulder blade area |
| Sural | posterior surface of leg |
| Vertebral | area of the spinal column |
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