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micro test 1 ware
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The three domains | Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea |
| What are the components of scientific nomenclature? | A genus- first name of organism, always capitalized Specific epithet- species name follows genus and is not capitalized |
| How can microbes affect our lives? | Prevent food spoilage, decompose organic waste, produce industrial chemicals, produce fermented foods. |
| Major characteristics of bacteria | Single celled prokaryote, can be bacillus (rod-like), coccus (spiral), or spiral (corkscrew) shaped. |
| Major characteristics of archaea | Prokaryote with no peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| Major characteristics of fungi | Eukaryote, distinct nucleus containing cells genetic material surrounded by nuclear membrane. May be unicellular or multicellular, |
| Major characteristics of protozoa | Unicellular eukaryotes, move by flagella, cilia, or pseudopods. |
| Major characteristics of Algae | Photosynthetic eukaryotes, usually unicellular, cell wall composed of cellulose |
| Major characteristics of Viruses | Acellular, very small, core made of only one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) |
| Define spontaneous generation | some forms of life can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter |
| Define biogenesis | Living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells |
| Koch's postulates | Enables one to grow a pure culture and discover the specific microbe as causative agent of disease |
| Significance of Jenner's work | Created first vaccination |
| Ehrlich and Fleming contributions | Ehrlich developed synthetic drugs to destroy pathogens. Fleming discovered antibiotics. |
| Define bacteriology | study of bacteria |
| Define mycology | study of fungi |
| Define parasitology | Study of protozoa and parasitic worms |
| Define Immunology | Study of immunity |
| Define virology | Study of viruses |
| Importance of microbial genetics and molecular biology | Has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms. |
| 4 beneficial activities of microorganisms | 1. bacteria recycle carbon, nutrients,sulfur, and phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals 2.Bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage 3. Control populations of insects 4. Produce foods and chemcals |
| Define normal microbiota | microbes normally present in or on the human body |
| Define resistance | ability or the body to ward of disease |
| Define bioflim | microbes that atttach to solid surfaces and grow into masses |
| Define emerging infectious diseases | "new" diseases, increasing in incidence.Ex: MRSA, E. Coli |
| Structure of glycocalyx | Extra cellular secretion of some bacteria, sticky polymer, polysaccharide and/or protein compostition |
| Function of glycocalyx | aids in attachment and resisting dehydration |
| Flagella F(x) | Facilitates movement in a liquid media. Movement counterclockwise = runs, clockwise = tumbles |
| Axial filament f(x) | Present in spirochetes, allows corkscrew movement |
| Fimbriae f(x) | ATTACH bacterial cells to a surface |
| Pili f(x) | Allows transfer to a piece of DNA to a recipient cell also attaches to another celln |
Created by:
chelsmarie
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