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SH P&P 43
P&P Ch 43
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) | Energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time. |
| Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) | Measurement that accounts for BMR plus energy to digest meals & perform mild activity. |
| Nutrients | Elements necessary for body processes & function. |
| Nutrient Density | Proportion of essential nutrients such as fruits & vegetables, provide a large number of nutrients in relationship to kilocalories. |
| Carbohydrates | Main source of energy in diet; each gram of ____ produces 4 kcal. |
| Saccharides | Carbohydrate units. |
| Simple Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides & disaccharides; usually found in sugar. |
| Fiber | A dietary factor in disease prevention & treatment & prevention of diarrhea in tube-fed clients. |
| Essential Amino Acid | Body cannot synthesize but must have provided in the diet. |
| Nonessential Amino Acics | Those which the body can synthesize. |
| Amino Acids | Linked together; simplest form of protein. |
| Complementary proteins | Pairs of incomplete proteins that when combined supply the total amount of protein provided by complete protein sources. |
| Nitrogen Balance | Achieved when the intake & output of nitrogen are equal. |
| Lipids | Fats are the most caloric dense nutrient b/c they provide 9 kcal/g. |
| Triglycerides | Circulate in the blood & made up of the three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. |
| Fatty Acids | Composed of chains of carbon & hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end of the chain & a methyl group at the other. |
| Saturated | Each carbon in the chain has two attached hydrogen atoms. |
| Unsaturated | An unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached & the carbon atoms attach to each other with a double bond. |
| Monounsaturated | Fatty acids have one double bond |
| Polyunsaturated | Fatty acids have two or more double carbon bonds. |
| Vitamins | Organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential in normal metabolism. |
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E, & K) | Can be stored in the body; except Vitamin D-->provided in dietary intake. |
| Hypervitaminosis | Megadose (intentional or unintentional) of supplemental vitamins, essessive amounts in fortified food, & large intake of fish oils. |
| Water-Soluble Vitamins (C & B) | Complex with includes eight vitamins. |
| Minerals | Inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions. |
| Macrominerals | When the daily requirement is 100 mg or more & trace elements when less than 100 mg is needed daily. |
| Trace Element | Selenium; has antioxidant properties. |
| Enzymes | Proteinlike substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing. |
| Chyme | Food-->more acidic & liquefied mass. |
| Metabolism | Biochemical reactions within the cells of the body. |
| Anabolism | Building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients. |
| Catabolism | Breakdown of biochemical substances into smaller substances. |
| Ketones | Oxidized fatty acids; energy in the absence of dietary carbohydrates (glucose). |
| Glycogenolysis | Catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide & water. |
| Glycogenesis | Anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage. |
| Gluconeogenesis | Catabolism of amino acids & glycerol into glucose for energy. |
| Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) | Food chart. |
| Daily Values | Food labels were created by the Food & Drug Administration in response to the 1990 Nutrition Labeling & Education Act. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Refusal to maintain body wt.; intense fear of gaining wt.; disturbance in body wt., size, or shape; Females haven't had period in 3 + consecutive months. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | Binge eating (reoccuring); Feel of lack of control over binge eating; self-induced vomitting; 2+ binge eatings/week for 3+ months. |
| Vegetarianism | Consumption of diet consisting predominately of plant foods. |
| Anthropometry | Measurement system of size & make up of body. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Measure wt.correct for height & serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships. |
| Ideal Body Weight (IBW) | Provides an estimate of what a person should weigh. |
| Enteral Nutrition (EN) | Nutrients given via the GI tract. |
| Parenteral Nutrition (PN) | Form of specialized nutrient support in which nutrients are provided intravenously. |
| Lipid Emulsions | Provide supplemental kilocalories & prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies. |
| Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) | Use of specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition. |
| The nutrient that provides the body's most pereferred energy source is: | Carbohydrate |
| The nutrient that is preferred to repair tissue is: | Protein |
| Positive nitrogen balance would occur in: | Pregnancy |
| Water composes 60% to 70% of: | Total body weight. |
| When feeding tubes are first positioned, verification is doen by: | X-ray confirmation. |
| Parenteral nutrition is used when the client is: | Experiencing a condition resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction. |
| The bacteria that causes peptic ulcers is: | Helicobacter pylori. |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease include(s) | Crohn's disease & idiopathic ulcerative colitis. |
| Nutritional therapy for hypertension includes: | Kilocalorie reduction to promote weight loss as appropriate, decreased sodium intake, & potassium-rich foods if potassium-wasting diuretics are part of the treatment. |
| Homebound elderly have an increased risk of: | Poor nutrition. |
| Which nutrient is the body's most perferred energy source? | Carbohydrate |
| Positive nitrogen balance would occur in which condition? | Pregnancy |
| Mrs. Nelson is talking with the nurse about the dietary needs of her 23-month-old daughter, Laura. What response from the nurse would be appropriate? | "Laura needs fewer calories in relation to her body weight now than she did as an infant. |
| Client L., whose weight is 10% above his ideal body weight. Is this client at risk for alteration in nutrition except? | No |
| What is the most accurate method of bedside confirmation of placement of small-bore nasogastric tube? | Test the pH of withdrawn gastric contents. |
| A cleint who has been hospitalized after experiencing a heart attack will most likely receive a diet condisiting of: | Low fat, low sodium, & hgih carbohyrates. |
Created by:
SHeim79
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