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Mechanisms
Mechanisms for Natural Selection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetic variation increases the chances that some individuals will ___? | Survive |
| What do populations share? | A common gene pool |
| Survival of organisms lead to reproduction over generations of offspring potentially leading to a change in a What? | Population |
| It is not individuals that evolve, rather ___? | Populations |
| Where in a population is the genetic variation stored? | In its gene pool. |
| What is the definition of a gene pool? | All of the alleles of a population. |
| To what does 'allele frequency' refer? | The measure of how common a certain allele is in a population |
| What is the definition of mutation? | A random change in the DNA that can form a new allele. |
| When are alleles 'recombined' and what is the result? | Mostly during meiosis and results in many different genetic combinations. |
| What is 'gene flow'? | The movement of alleles between populations. |
| When does 'gene flow' occur? | When individuals move between populations. |
| What is 'genetic drift? | A change in allele frequencies due to chance. |
| What is the result of 'genetic drift' | A loss in genetic diversity in a population. |
| What are the 2 processes that result in Genetic Drift? | The Bottleneck Effect and the Founder Effect |
| When does the 'Bottleneck Effect' occur? | After an event that greatly reduces the size of a population. |
| What is an example of the Bottleneck Effect? | Overhunting of a species |
| When does the 'Founder Effect' occur? | After a small number of individuals colonize a new area |
| How have we used the Founder Effect? | To trace traits back to the 'founding couples' |
| What is speciation? | The evolution of a new species |
| When does 'Reproductive Isolation' occur? | When members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with each other. |
| What are 4 forms of isolation that can lead to speciation? | Reproductive, Behavioral, Geographic & Temporal |
| What causes 'Behavioral Isolation'? | Differences in courtship or mating behaviors. |
| What is 'Geographical Isolation'? | Physical separation of species |
| What can lead to 'geographical isolation'? | Building a mall or a 4-lane highway |
| When does 'Temporal Isolation' exist? | When timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| Divergent evolution is a form of what type of radiation? | Adaptive radiation |
| In divergent evolution, one species leads to many different species in ___? | Many different habitats |
| What is 'Adaptive Radiation'? | The diversification of one ancestral species into many descendents |
| What is 'Convergent Evolution'? | When 2 different ancestors live in similar habitats & result in similar species |
| What is 'Coevolution'? | The process where 2 or more species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| The passenger pigeon is an example of a species that has become ___? | Extinct |
| What is 'Punctuated Equilibrium'? | The sudden change in species followed by long periods of little change |
| What is 'Gradualism'? | The process where species change slowly |
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